The key to waste minimization in fine chemicals manufacture is the widespread substitution of classical organic syntheses employing stoichiometric amounts of inorganic reagents with cleaner, catalytic alternatives. The E factors (by waste per kg product) of chemical processes increase dramatically on going downstream from bulk to fine chemicals and pharmaceuticals, mainly owing to the use of “s...

The prospect of being able to move through security without the inconvenience separating liquids from bags is an exciting one for passengers, and there are important operational benefits airports as well. Here, two terahertz (THz) systems, 100 GHz sub-THz line scanner attenuation total reflection-based THz time domain spectroscopy (TDS), have been used demonstrate capability identifying differe...

n-(diphenylphosphino)triethyl- and tributylammonium salts are introduced as easily prepared, cheap and stable ionic liquids that act as the condensing agent and media for the efficient esterification of acids with alcohols and phenols. this class of ionic liquids is immiscible with the ester products and thus allows simple and easy separation of the desired products from the reaction mixture.

Synthetic nitro musks are fragrant chemicals found in household and personal care products. The use of these products leads to direct exposures via dermal absorption, as well as inhalation of contaminated dust and volatilized fragrances. Evidence also suggests that humans are exposed to low doses of these chemicals through oral absorption of contaminated liquids and foods. As these compounds ar...

in recent years there has been a great deal of attention paid by researchers in investigating ionic liquids (ils) mainly due to the tremendous potential that ionic liquids have in reaction and separation technology. sonic speed is an important thermodynamic property of ionic liquids (ils) and always chosen as a source to determine other properties. a database for the sonic speed of pure ils cre...

Two ionic liquids triethylammonium oleate and stearate were synthesized from fatty acids triethyl amine using two different methods (one step three methods). The yield rearch 68.8-74% method) 86.3% (three of 68.7-74.1 83.5% method). one method spends more time but less chemicals brings higher yield. FT-IR 1H-NMR spectra ILs obtained both was measured. results showed that synthesis doesn’t affec...

The present investigation entails a procedure by which the surface tension and viscosity of liquids could be redicted.To this end, capillary experiments were performed for porous media by utilizing fifteen different liquids and powders. The time of capillary rise to a certain known height of each liquid in a particular powder was recorded. Two artificial neural networks (ANNs) were...

On-site biological treatment has been used for groundwater cleanup from industrial and agricultural chemicals. The pump-and-treat efficiency is controlled by retardation of contaminants by sorption onto the saturated subsurface solids and by the presence of non-aqueous-phase liquids in the aquifer. On-site bioreactors have been widely used for treatment of contaminants such as petroleum hydroca...

The proposed Orange County Board of Health rule to prohibit use in enclosed areas of restaurants and bars is primarily concerned with preventing secondhand exposure and not with the role of e-cigarettes on smoking promotion vs. cessation. Therefore, the research cited below focuses on the chemical composition of e-liquids and aerosol, toxicology studies, the potential for secondhand exposure, a...