Free Space Optical (FSO) communication is a type of optical communication that relying on beams of light to transmit data over long distances wirelessly. With recent increase in popularity of the technology in commercial applications as well as military and scientific applications, it is important to study new models and algorithms to improve the performance of this technology. One of the most ...

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We review and compare recent approaches to community structure identification. Definitions of communities are revisited, as well as the recently proposed modularity measure. We then classify the various methods into link removal methods, agglomerative methods, methods based on optimising the modularity measure, spectral methods and others. Finally, the performance of the methods, as applied to ...

up to now, lots of materials such as active carbon, iron, manganese, zirconium, and metal oxides have been widely used for removal of dyes from contaminated water. among these, ferrite nanoparticle is an interesting magnetic material due to its moderate saturation magnetization, excellent chemical stability and mechanical hardness. graphene, a new class of 2d carbonaceous material with atom thi...

water resource scarcity, population growth, pollution of surface and groundwater by discharging toxic wastewater and subsequent diseases may raise the necessity of reusing and treatment of wastewater. cyanide is one of the toxic materials which can be found in some industrial wastewaters. strict laws set by international bodies have forced industries to work on developing efficient cyanide remo...

in this paper, we consider a cooperative cognitive radio network in which there is an ofdm primary link and multiple single carrier secondary links.the primary link is required to maintain its secrecy rate above a predefined threshold. if the secrecy rate requirement is not satisfied, the secondary system help primary link to maintain its secrecy rate requirement. in doing so, the secondary trans...