The paper aims to expand the concept of linguistic variable. The study analyzes the common conclusion forms in the evaluation project. The evaluation often makes the final conclusion by analyzing the fuzzy number and its membership function. However, the information of modified word or phrase (“largely”, “preliminary” and “unclear”) has got lost in analysis. The research believe these modified ...

According to the standard definition, linguistic competence, the object of study of generative grammar, is knowledge of language. As it is used in generative linguistics, however, knowledge of language is also a technical term, referring to some system of rules that determines the set of sentences in a language. As such, any linguistic knowledge that does not bear on the grammaticality or lingu...

The paper aims to expand the concept of linguistic variable. The study analyzes the common conclusion forms in the evaluation project. The evaluation often makes the final conclusion by analyzing the fuzzy number and its membership function. However, the information of modified word or phrase (“largely”, “preliminary” and “unclear”) has got lost in analysis. The research believe these modified ...

The research objective of the project and article “The Linguistic and Legal Term "Real Estate" in the Polish Law and Literature” is characteristic of legal regulations in contemporary countries is the abundance of legal definitions, which are, in fact, formulated separately for the needs of each legal act. This situation does not create favourable conditions for comprehensibility and effectiven...

Most information retrieval systems based on linguistic approaches use symmetrically and uniformly distributed linguistic term sets to express the weights of queries and the relevance degrees of documents. However, to improve the system–user interaction, it seems more adequate to express these linguistic weights and degrees by means of unbalanced linguistic scales, that is, linguistic term sets ...

Most group decision making (GDM) problems based on linguistic approaches use symmetrically and uniformly distributed linguistic term sets to express experts’ opinions. However, there exist problems whose assessments need to be represented by means of unbalanced linguistic term sets, i.e. using term sets that are not uniformly and symmetrically distributed. The aim of this paper is to present a ...

To address the hesitancy, inconsistency and uncertainty of decision makers’ cognitions, linguistic interval hesitant fuzzy sets (LIHFSs) are efficient tools. This paper focuses on studying the application of LIHFSs. To do this, two correlation coefficients of LIHFSs are defined, which needn't consider the length of elements in LIHFSs or the arrangement of their possible interval values. To addr...

In this paper, we introduce a flexible consensus reaching process when agents evaluate the alternatives through linguistic expressions formed by a linguistic term, when they are confident on their opinions, or by several consecutive linguistic terms, when they hesitate. Taking into account an appropriate metric on the set of linguistic expressions and an aggregation function, a degree of consen...