T he study seeks to investigate both linear and nonlinear effects of oil price movement on critical macroeconomic variables (output, price and exchange rate) in Nigeria using ARDL modeling approach. Previous studies substantially relied on linear methods using VAR approach to unravel this links without a clear conclusion. In an attempt to seek better results in this study, we employ both l...

spatial-temporal modeling of air pollutants, ground-level ozone concentrations in particular, has attracted recent attention because by using spatial-temporal modeling, can analyze, interpolate or predict ozone levels at any location. in this paper we consider daily averages of troposphere ozone over tehran city. for eliminating the trend of data, a dynamic linear model is used, then some featu...