The paper is concerned with the strength of DNA evidence when a suspect is identified via a search through a database of the DNA profiles of known individuals. Consideration of the appropriate likelihood ratio shows that in this setting the DNA evidence is (slightly) stronger than when a suspect is identified by other means, subsequently profiled, and found to match. The recommendation of the 1...

This article provides an introductory step-by-step process to appraise an article on diagnosis. The authors introduce these principles using a systematic approach and case-based format. The process of assessing the validity of an article on diagnosis, determining its importance, and applying it to an individual patient is reviewed. The concepts of study population homogeneity, reference and cri...

In pattern classification tasks, errors are introduced because of differences between the true model and the one obtained via model estimation. Using likelihood-ratio based classification, it is possible to correct for this discrepancy by finding class-pair specific terms to adjust the likelihood ratio directly, and that can make class-pair preference relationships intransitive. In this work, w...

Likelihood ratio (LR) tests for the cointegrating rank of a vector autoregressive (VAR) process have been developed under diierent assumptions regarding deterministic terms. For instance, nonzero mean terms and linear trends have been accounted for in some of the tests. In this paper we provide a general framework for deriving the local power properties of these tests. Thereby it is possible to...

After the Shewhart method was suggested for industrial applications, other applications such as surveillance for bioterrorism and financial transactions have come into focus. Also other methods for surveillance have followed. The relation between the Shewhart method and the followers is examined. A uniform presentation of methods, by expressions of likelihood ratios, facilitates the comparisons...

The phenomenon of separation or monotone likelihood is observed in the fitting process of a logistic model if the likelihood converges while at least one parameter estimate diverges to +/- infinity. Separation primarily occurs in small samples with several unbalanced and highly predictive risk factors. A procedure by Firth originally developed to reduce the bias of maximum likelihood estimates ...

Although the random sum distribution has been well-studied in probability theory, inference for the mean of such distribution is very limited in the literature. In this paper, two approaches are proposed to obtain inference for the mean of the Poisson-Exponential distribution. Both proposed approaches require the log-likelihood function of the Poisson-Exponential distribution, but the exact for...