Some of the greatest transformations in vertebrate history involve developmental and evolutionary origins of avian flight. Flight is the most power-demanding mode of locomotion, and volant adult birds have many anatomical features that presumably help meet these demands. However, juvenile birds, like the first winged dinosaurs, lack many hallmarks of advanced flight capacity. Instead of large w...

Two experiments reexamined the effect of selective spatial attention on the magnitudes of the wings- in and wings-out forms of the Müller-Lyer (M-L) illusion and a version of the illusion in which the two forms are superimposed to produce a figure (XX) flanked at both ends by an X. For the XX figure, ignoring the outer wings produced significant underestimation of shaft length, whereas ignoring...

This paper will explore the technology behind corrugated model morphing wings and their potential benefits to society. The two major models of corrugated morphing wings will be examined and explained. In order to provide background, the technology and shape behind all morphing wings will also be examined. The applications of these wings will then be explored. Using data from wind tunnel testing...

Chromosome segregation requires the removal of cohesion and catenation between sister chromosomes, two physical linkages established during DNA replication. Two new studies reveal that, among other functions, the wings apart-like protein (Wapl) coordinates cohesin removal with decatenation of sister chromosomes during mitosis in mammalian cells.

considering the importance of the right wing parties in iranian political history, this article has tried to provide necessary information and discussions, which help us to understand the reasons of their formation and activities in order to fill the vacuum, which exist in this domain. for this purpose, i have tried to analyze three political phases and their relations to the political awarene...

Bacterial contamination of raw processed poultry continues to be of concern to consumers as well as regulatory and health officials. For many years wings were considered a low-value product; therefore, shelf life of wings was not a major concern. Due to changes in consumer attitudes and increases in the fast-food market, wings are now a valuable commodity. Because wings have a shorter shelf lif...

Joined-wing aircraft are being designed for ‘sensorcraft’ configuration. Joined wings lead to multiple load paths and constraints. The focus of this work is to understand the nonlinear structural as well as aeroelastic behavior of joined wings. The paper presents a formulation for the nonlinear aeroelastic analysis of joined wings. Results are presented for two joined wings configurations. Over...

Deformed wing virus (DWV) in western honey bees (Apis mellifera) often remains asymptomatic in workers and drones, and symptoms have never been described from queens. However, intense infections linked to parasitism by the mite Varroa destructor can cause worker wing deformity and death within 67 h of emergence. Ten workers (eight with deformed wings and two with normal wings) and three drones ...

Using three-dimensional computer simulations, we examine hovering aerodynamics of flexible planar wings oscillating at resonance. We model flexible wings as tilted elastic plates whose sinusoidal plunging motion is imposed at the plate root. Our simulations reveal that large-amplitude resonance oscillations of elastic wings drastically enhance aerodynamic lift and efficiency of low-Reynolds-num...

Tbx-2, Tbx-3, Tbx-4 and Tbx-5 chick genes have been isolated and, like the mouse homologues, are expressed in the limb regions. Tbx-2 and Tbx-3 are expressed in anterior and posterior domains in wings and legs, as well as throughout the flank. Of particular interest, however, are Tbx-5, which is expressed in wing and flank but not leg, and Tbx-4, which is expressed very strongly in leg but not ...