Aqueous phosphate uptake is needed to reduce global eutrophication. Negatively charged adsorbent surfaces usually give poor sorption. Chemically- and thermally-modified lignite (CTL) was prepared by impregnating low-cost (RL) with Ca2+ Mg2+ cations, basified KOH (pH ̴ 13.9), followed a 1 h 600 °C pyrolysis under nitrogen. CTL has positive surface (PZC = 13) due basic Ca Mg compounds, facilitatin...

Many geological problems have not been convincingly explained so far and are debatable, for instance the origin changes of Neogene depositional environments in central Poland. Therefore, these reconstructed terms global to local tectonic climatic fluctuations. The examined deposits divided into a sub-lignite unit (Koźmin Formation), lignite-bearing (Grey Clays Member), and supra-lignite (Wielko...

Mining in general, and particularly mining for energy resources such as coal lignite, results massive impacts on the surrounding landscape ecosystems. Post-mining reclamation that takes account of disturbed ecosystem services requires a research approach links impact to functions service potentials. The method used this paper combines Driving Forces–Pressures–State–Impact–Response (DPSIR) frame...

Open-cast lignite mining is causing large-scale and long-term disturbance, resulting in a destruction of existing ecosystems and creation of landscapes formed by overburden spoil piles. Overburden sediments can largely differ from parent geological material of previously existing and undisturbed sites. It is expected that new soils and ecosystems will develop from overburden sediments with elem...

Current data on coal and lignite production, as well a breakdown of production by country. Updated monthly basis.