During liquid hot water (LHW) pretreatment, lignin is mostly retained in the pretreated biomass, and the changes in the chemical and structural characteristics of lignin should probably refer to re-/depolymerization, solubilization, or glass transition. The residual lignin could influence the effective enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose. The pure lignin was used to evaluate the effect of LHW pro...

Lignin is a substantial component of lignocellulosic biomass but is under-utilized relative to the cellulose and hemicellulose components. Historically, lignin has been burned as a source of process heat, but this heat is usually in excess of the process energy demands. Current models indicate that development of an economically competitive biorefinery system requires adding value to lignin bey...

Limonite, a low-cost iron ore, was investigated as a potential hydrotreatment catalyst for kraft lignin without the use of an external solvent (batch reactor, initial H2 pressure of 100 bar, 4 h). The best results were obtained at 450 °C resulting in 34 wt % of liquefied kraft lignin (lignin oil) on lignin intake. The composition of the lignin oil was determined in detail (elemental composition...

Developing efficient approaches for lignin upgrading is of interest the industrial production chemicals and fuels from renewable biomass. Electrocatalytic powered by electricity operating under gentle conditions (at or near ambient pressures temperatures) enables a decentralized fuels. Herein, we will cover structures review recent advances in electrocatalytic upgrade, depolymerization lignin, ...

Brown rot fungi are theorized to use both free radicals and enzymes to degrade wood. If these incompatible agents are employed in sequence (enzymatic after oxidative) in order to avoid interaction, this should be resolvable spatially in rotting wood. To assess this, we used thin spruce wafers as substrates, with the largest face the transverse plane. Propped wafers were colonized from the botto...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES The bio-conversion of plant lignocellulose to glucose is an key component of second generation biofuel production, but the resistance of lignin to breakdown is a major obstacle in this process. Filamentous fungi possess the unique ability to decompose the aromatic lignin polymers using enzymes encoded by divergent gene families. White-rot fungi are the primary lignin-d...