185 18 Number of tables: 2 19 Number of figures: 10 20 doi : 10.1071/FP08051 2/35 Abstract 21 We developed a double-digitizing method combining a hand-held electromagnetic digitizer 22 and a non-contact three-dimensional (3D) laser scanner. The former was used to record the 23 positions of all leaves in a tree and orientation angles of their lamina. The latter served to 24 obtain the morphology...

We investigated effects of nutrient availability on shoot structure and light-interception efficiency based on data from control (C) and irrigated + fertilized (IL) trees of Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.). The sampling of 1-year-old shoots was designed to cover the variation in canopy exposure within the live crown zone, where current-year shoots were still found. Canopy openness was u...

When compared with access network interception, Lawful Interception of the Internet is both more difficult and much less mature. However, Internet interception is becoming increasingly more important as Law Enforcement Agencies find that access network interception is becoming less effective. Unfortunately, the most common approach to Internet interception has some fundamental weaknesses, which...

This report describes a system for integrating photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) using fi beroptics. Many photoelectric sensors or 1-m-long line sensors that integrate individual interception points for spatial averaging were replaced with fi beroptics, which integrate interception points. Depending on the positioning of optical fi bers and the amount of fi bers terminated at a PAR sens...

this research was carried out in a reforest at shirvanagriculturecollegein two years (2005-2007). the aim of this research was to determine of canopy interception loss, throughfall and stemflow. four trees species were used including pinus nigra, cupressus sempervirens, robinia pseudacacia and platanus orientalis with three replications. the results showed that the amount of canopy interception...

ture and needle morphology on the distributions of light and nitrogen within a Pacific silver fir (Abies amabilis (Dougl.) Forbes) canopy. Specifically, we investigated the role of morphological shade acclimation in the determination of resource use efficiency, which is claimed to be optimal when the distribution of nitrogen within the canopy is directly proportional to the distribution of inte...

In the southeastern United States, many forest managers are interested in restoring longleaf pine (Pinus palustrisMill.) to upland sites that currently support loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.). We quantified the effects of four canopy treatments (uncut Control; MedBA, harvest to 9 m2·ha−1; LowBA, harvest to 5 m2·ha−1; and Clearcut) and three cultural treatments (NT, no treatment; H, herbicide rel...

In maize, grain yield is highly associated with light interception and photosynthetic activity during grain filling. In Europe, this period typically occurs when solar radiation is already decreasing and water availability may be limiting. The improvement of cold-tolerance is a major challenge for maize production because earlier sowing would allow a better fit between crop cycle and availabili...

Two new species of Myrmedonota are described from Mexico. Illustrations and a distribution map are provided, as are keys to identify Myrmedonota known from the Nearctic and Neotropics. Specimens were collected by means of mercury vapor light traps or flight interception traps.

Precipitation is the most fundamental input of water for terrestrial ecosystems. Most precipitation inputs are vertical, via rain, but can be horizontal, via wind-driven rain and snow, or, in some ecosystems such as tropical montane cloud forests (TMCFs), via fog interception. Fog interception can be particularly important in ecosystems where fog is frequently present and there are seasonal per...