mainly arise, for different reasons, from laxity in the vagina or its supporting ligaments, a result of altered connective tissue.1-5 are the principal causes of ligament laxity. The Integral Theory has evolved into the Integral Theory System, which applies the damaged ligament theory to • Function – the role of competent suspensory ligaments in organ support and function. • Dysfunction-how dam...

Clinical material: Since February 1985 (4.2 years) 75 implants have been inserted. 62 Mark I ligaments and since January 1989, 13 Mark II ligaments. This paper discusses the experience with the 62 Mark I ligaments. 56 male, 61 ACL?in all but one, giving way, either at sport or at leisure was the predominant presenting symptom. Correlation between the laxity signs and instability symptoms were n...

Introduction: Nano-indentation has recently been employed as a powerful tool for determining the mechanical properties of biological tissues on nano and micro scales. A majority of soft biological tissues such as ligaments and tendons exhibit viscoelastic or time-dependent behaviors. The constitutive characterization of soft tissues is among very important subjects in clinical medicine and espe...

Knee ligament injuries are common, particularly in sports and sports related activities. Rupture of these ligaments upsets the balance between knee mobility and stability, resulting in abnormal knee kinematics and damage to other tissues in and around the joint that lead to morbidity and pain. During the past three decades, significant advances have been made in characterizing the biomechanical...

PURPOSE To establish the range of normal variation in the CT appearance of the middle ear ligaments and the stapedius tendon as an aid in detecting abnormal changes in these structures. METHODS CT scans of the temporal bone in 75 normal middle ears, obtained with 1-mm-thick sections, were reviewed by two observers, who rated the visibility of the structures of interest on a scale of 1 to 5. ...

BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to analyze the inter-, intraligamentous, and side-related patterns of sensory nerve endings in ankle ligaments. METHODS A total of 140 ligaments from 10 cadaver feet were harvested. Lateral: calcaneofibular, anterior-, posterior talofibular; sinus tarsi: lateral- (IERL), intermediate-, medial-roots inferior extensor retinaculum, talocalcaneal oblique and c...

BACKGROUND The pathogenesis of the early stages of hand osteoarthritis is poorly understood, but recent high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging (hrMRI) studies suggest that the joint ligaments have a major role in the phenotypic expression of the disease. OBJECTIVE To combine hrMRI and cadaveric histological studies to better understand the mechanisms of damage, and especially the role of ...

Multiple ligament knee injuries, although rare, are severe injuries that often result in the loss of the passive and active knee stabilizers as well as often being associated with the compromise of neurovascular structures. Treatment of these injuries is controversial, and results after surgery are often poor. After sustaining injuries to multiple ligaments, the knee is at a biomechanical disad...

BACKGROUND The sacroiliac joint is a widely described source of low back pain. Therapeutic approaches to relieve pain include the application of pelvic belts. However, the effects of pelvic belts on sacroiliac joint ligaments as potential pain generators are mostly unknown. OBJECTIVES The aim of our study was to analyze the influence of pelvic belts on ligament load by means of a computer mod...

Mechanical properties of cervical spine ligaments are of great importance for an accurate finite element model when analyzing the injury mechanism. However, there is still little experimental data in literature regarding fresh human cervical spine ligaments under physiological conditions. The focus of the present study is placed on three cervical spine ligaments that stabilize the spine and pro...