Policies and thresholds vary for placing children into out-of-home care (OHC) at different ages. Evidence is lacking that quantifies the risk of entering OHC by age, and how this varies over time and between countries. We determined the age-specific cumulative incidence of ever entering OHC during childhood in Denmark and in eight local authorities in England. We used administrative data for an...

Using life table measures, we compare educational differentials in all-cause mortality at ages 40 to 70 in Bulgaria to those in Finland and the United States. Specifically, we assess whether the relationship between education and mortality is modified by marital status. Although high education and being married are associated with lower mortality in all three countries, absolute educational dif...

The life table has been used to study mortality and survival in a population and also the pattern of course of various chronic medical illnesses. In this study, the life table has been applied to a cohort of well defined Schizophrenic patients undergoing a long term followup. The probability of occurence of relapses, time of maximum risk for occurence of relapses are estimated using the life ta...

Hierarchical models are characterized by having N living states connected by N - 1 rates of transfer. Demographic measures for such models can be calculated directly from counts of the number of persons in each state at two nearby points in time. Exploiting the ability of population stocks to determine the flows in hierarchical models expands the range of demographic analysis. The value of such...

China is and will be characterized by a large number of men who are unable to marry: these men are often referred to as "bare branches." In this paper we define the bare branch family and divide its life cycle into three stages: the unmarried co-resident with both parents, co-resident with a surviving parent, and living alone. Using life tables and probability methods, we find that up to age 60...

OBJECTIVE People who spend a longer time walking have lower demands for medical care. However, in view of their longer life expectancy, it is unclear whether their lifetime medical expenditure increases or decreases. The present study examined the association between time spent walking, life expectancy and lifetime medical expenditure. METHOD The authors followed up 27,738 participants aged 4...

BACKGROUND The age distribution and remaining lifespan distribution are identical in stationary populations. The life table survival function is proportional to the age distribution in stationary populations. OBJECTIVE We provide an alternative interpretation of the life table when viewed by remaining years of life. CONCLUSIONS The functions describing the mortality of birth cohorts over ag...

Estimation of cumulative and adjusted occurrence of life events and measures over time is often important in settings where study subjects have incomplete or different follow-up periods. Well-known methods to do this, such as the life table and age adjustment, exist for binary nonrecurrent events (i.e., death). However, a general approach to evaluate recurrent life events (e.g., repeated infect...

BACKGROUND Increasing physical activity (PA) levels among the general adult population of developed nations is important for reducing premature mortality and the burdens of preventable illness. Assessing how effective PA interventions are as health interventions often involves categorising participants as either 'active' or 'sedentary' after the interventions. A model was developed showing that...