Author affiliations: Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Paris, France (A. Birgy, P. Bidet, S. Bonacorsi); Université Paris Diderot, Paris (A. Birgy, P. Bidet, S. Bonacorsi); Hôpital Universitaire Robert-Debré, Paris (A. Birgy, P. Bidet, S. Bonacorsi); Association Clinique Thérapeutique Infantile du Val de Marne, Saint Maur des Fossés, France (C. Levy, E. Sobral, R. Cohen...

This paper investigates two aspects of China's pollution levy system that has been implemented for about 20 years in China. First, the determinants of differences in enforcement of the pollution levy across urban areas are analyzed. The results show that actual collections of the uniformly designed pollution levy are sensitive to differences in economic development and environmental quality, wh...

This study aims to examine the Role and Function of Agency for tax management regional levy North Sumatra Province in improving income. The research method used is normative legal with secondary data. Qualitative analysis analyze problems. results obtained that Local Tax Levy Management plays an important role improvement Locally-Generated Revenue through receipt Taxes. Regional Receipts derive...

Are laws made by voters or industry? Here, we address this question in the context of copyright levies. Many Western countries allow private copying subject to a compulsory copyright levy. Applying political economy analysis, we show that (i) content producers always prefer a copyright levy to no levy; and (ii) if ethical costs are high, the median voter will prefer a copyright levy, while the ...

Author affiliations: Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Paris, France (A. Birgy, P. Bidet, S. Bonacorsi); Université Paris Diderot, Paris (A. Birgy, P. Bidet, S. Bonacorsi); Hôpital Universitaire Robert-Debré, Paris (A. Birgy, P. Bidet, S. Bonacorsi); Association Clinique Thérapeutique Infantile du Val de Marne, Saint Maur des Fossés, France (C. Levy, E. Sobral, R. Cohen...

Data on single-nucleotide polymorphisms and large chromosomal rearrangements, coming from a long time evolution experiment with Escherichia Coli, are analyzed in order to argue that mutations along a cell lineage can be modeled as Levy flights in an abstract mutation space. These Levy flights have two components: random single-base substitutions and large DNA rearrangements. The data provide es...