changing altimetry information from satellites on the surface of seas and oceans, into anomaly gravity for example free air anomaly, is a fundamentally new method presented by researches. the determination of the free air gravity anomaly over the earth’s marine regions has led to a major improvement in our understanding of plate tectonic processes relating to oceanic ridges, the formation of ma...

Creatinine and specific gravity (relative density) measurements both allow differences in urine concentration to be taken into account in determining urine cotinine concentrations. In this study we demonstrate that the variance of urine cotinine measurements is reduced comparably when either creatinine or specific gravity measurements are used for correction. This reduction in variability impro...

Some models of quantum gravity can predict observable effects on the propagation of light: most notably an energy dependent dispersion, where the speed of light is seen to vary with the energy of the photon. As quantum gravity effects should appear at the Planck scale they will be very small and so require very high energy photons to travel large distances before even becoming noticeable. Preci...

a back propagation artificial neural network (bpann) is a well-known learning algorithmpredicated on a gradient descent method that minimizes the square error involving the networkoutput and the goal of output values. in this study, 261 gps/leveling and 8869 gravity intensityvalues of iran were selected, then the geoid with three methods “ellipsoidal stokes integral”,“bpann”, and “collocation” ...

GOCE gravity fields are assessed in an area around Reykjanes Ridge. Ship gravity measurements were found to be to inaccurate to determine possible improvement of GOCE gravity field models compared to the best available GRACE gravity field model. Differences between the GOCE gravity field models and EGM2008 does not appear to contain a component of the mid-ocean ridge signal. However the differe...

Current mechanical, laser and electronic leveling instruments are sometimes not accurate enough to be used for determining either vertical or horizontal level for level-critical applications. By using an ultrasonic echolocation-based distance meter it is possible to design very accurate leveling instruments for a wide range of applications. This article overviews the accuracy of current levelin...

This work describes global gravity field modeling from observations of the CHAMP and the GOCE satellite mission. In the case of CHAMP the so-called Energy Balance Approach is applied to measurements of GPS high-low tracking of the low orbiting CHAMP spacecraft. In the case of GOCE gravity gradiometry is the main observable. The experience gained processing real data of the CHAMP satellite missi...

The strongest evidence for dark energy comes presently from geometric techniques such as the supernova distance-redshift relation. By combining the measured expansion history with the Friedmann equation one determines the energy density and its time evolution, hence the equation of state of dark energy. Because these methods rely on the Friedmann equation which has not been independently tested...

An overview of the high-frequency reflectometer technology deployed in Anritsu’s VectorStar Vector Network Analyzer (VNA) family is given, leading to a detailed description of the architecture used to extend the frequency range of VectorStar into the high millimeter waves. It is shown that this technology results in miniature frequency-extension modules that provide unique capabilities such as ...