1. While recording from a slow tarsal levator motor neurone of the locust metathoracic ganglion, a second neurone of this type was discovered in the same half of the ganglion. In thirty animals from which recordings were subsequently made, the additional neurone was found in only oae. 2. Since two motor neurones could not be found routinely, other tests were made to determine how many motor neu...

OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to identify imaging markers for genuine stress incontinence and pelvic organ prolapse by using magnetic resonance imaging and reconstructed 3-dimensional models. STUDY DESIGN Thirty women were studied, 10 with prolapse, 10 with genuine stress incontinence, and 10 asymptomatic volunteers. Axial and sagittal T1 and T2 weighted pelvic magnetic resonance scans ...

purpose: to describe the etiology, outcomes and complications of levator resection procedure for correction of congenital and acquired blepharoptosis. methods: in a retrospective nonrandomized study, medical records of 136 patients with blepharoptosis who underwent levator resection at labbafinejad medical center from 1995 to 2005 were evaluated. results: of 136 patients undergoing levator rese...

We employed RU 38486, a potent and selective antiglucocorticoid, to study a possible role for endogenous glucocorticoids in atrophy of the levator ani muscle secondary to castration of male rats. RU 38486 was shown to block [3H]triamcinolone acetonide binding to cytosol from levator ani muscle. Daily oral administration of RU 38486 to castrated rats partially prevented atrophy of the levator an...

OBJECTIVE To evaluate whether major levator ani muscle defects were associated with differences in postoperative vaginal support after primary surgery for pelvic organ prolapse (POP). METHODS A retrospective chart review of a subgroup of patients in the Organ Prolapse and Levator (OPAL) study. Of the 247 women recruited into OPAL, 107 underwent surgery for prolapse and were the cohort for the...

PURPOSE The authors observed the unusual complication of inverse Bell's phenomenon of two cases following repeated and extensive levator resection surgery for a blepharoptosis and suggest the possible mechanism of the phenomenon. METHODS Case report. RESULTS The first case was a 22-year-old woman who was diagnosed with a congenital ptosis with good levator function and she underwent levator...

PURPOSE To report the results of a modified frontalis sling procedure using Mersilene mesh for correction of upper lid ptosis associated with poor levator muscle function. METHODS This interventional case series included 10 patients (15 eyelids) with congenital ptosis and poor levator function. All subjects underwent the upper lid sling procedure with modifications. Main outcomes were lid cre...

The levator ani muscle is considered the most important supportive system of the pelvic floor and has been divided into many portions, according to their attachments or physiological functions. Standring et al.1 subdivide the levator ani muscle into the ischiococcygeus, iliococcygeus and pubococcygeus portions. The pubococcygeus muscle is often subdivided into separate parts according to the pe...

Loss of chelipeds in crustaceans results in severe atrophy of the major muscle responsible for lifting the limb, the anterior levator. We decided to test if this loss of mechanical load altered muscle phenotype as measured by SDS-PAGE analysis of levator total protein and actomyosin fractions. Levator muscles of adult crayfish, Procambarus clarkii, with either functional regenerate limbs or lac...