Legionella pneumophila is a major cause of life-threatening pneumonia, which is characterized by a high incidence of acute lung injury and resultant severe hypoxemia. Mechanical ventilation using high oxygen concentrations is often required in the treatment of patients with L. pneumophila pneumonia. Unfortunately, oxygen itself may propagate various forms of tissue damage, including acute lung ...

The ten Berge model, also known as the toxic load model, is an empirical approach in hazard assessment modeling for estimating the relationship between the inhalation toxicity of a chemical and the exposure duration. The toxic load (TL) is normally expressed as a function of vapor concentration (C) and duration (t), with TL equaling C(n) × t being a typical form. Hypothetically, any combination...

Suicide is one of the leading causes of death in children younger than 12 years and is the fourth leading cause of death in 12 year olds. Increasing numbers of young children now present to the emergency department (ED) with mental health issues, and ED personnel must determine the most appropriate disposition options for these children, sometimes without the assistance of specialty mental heal...

We evaluated knockdown caused by four insecticides: alpha-cypermethrin, chlorfenapyr, pirimiphos-methyl and fipronil against adults of Tribolium confusum Jacquelin Duval, the confused flour beetle and Oryzaephilus surinamensis (L.), the sawtoothed grain beetle. Bioassays were conducted on concrete and metal surfaces. Adults of the tested species were exposed on both surfaces treated with the ab...

Envenoming’s by snake bite to involve medical emergencies and its clinical management is by the administration of antivenom. As antivenom was reported to induce early or late adverse reactions against human beings, snake venom neutralizing potential for aqueous bark of Terminalia arjuna extract was tested for the present research by in vitro and in vivo methods against Naja naja venom. In vitro...

The lethality of a gene is a fundamental and representative measure for understanding the function of a gene and its associated bio-systems. Recently, many research groups have started focusing on the concept of synthetic lethality. The synthetic lethality between genes is defined by the combination of mutations in two genes causing cell death. Here, we confirm that synthetic lethality and cell...

Results with four pathogenic avian Escherichia coli isolates and one avirulent isolate in a complement resistance test, a chicken lethality test, and a chicken embryo lethality test were compared. Results of the complement resistance test with these isolates were highly correlated to results of the chicken lethality test of virulence. The chicken embryo test yielded results that were of a mediu...

We empirically surveyed and analyzed existing standards for the treatment of perpetrators of domestic violence across the United States. Specific areas examined included: presence and scope; administrative entity for certifying; screening and risk assessment protocols; minimum length of treatment; theoretical or conceptual orientation; treatment content; preferred or allowable modalities of tre...

The motivation of one hundred cases of suicide attempters was assessed clinically depending purely on their subjective reports. They were grouped into two, viz., those who primarily wished for a change (here in after called WC) and those who unambiguously wished to die (hereinafter called WD). They were compared with regard to the details of the attempt, methods of attempt, psychiatric and soci...

Inhibition of DNA replication in an Escherichia coli dnaB-22 mutant failed to block quinolone-mediated lethality. Inhibition of protein synthesis by chloramphenicol inhibited nalidixic acid lethality and, to a lesser extent, ciprofloxacin lethality in both dnaB-22 and wild-type cells. Thus, major features of quinolone-mediated lethality do not depend on ongoing replication.