As a raindrop falls from the atmosphere, over vegetation and forest canopies, and enters soils and streams it experiences a dynamic exchange of carbon constituents with the surrounding environment. Understanding the magnitude and dynamics of carbon export in above and below ground flow paths is critical for constraining the influence of terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems on global carbon cyclin...

An increase of urban flood risks is expected for the following decades not only because climate is becoming more extreme, but also because population and asset densities in cities are increasing. There is a need for models that can explain the damage process of urban flooding and support damage prevention. Recent improvements in flood modeling have highlighted the importance of urban topography...

We present ‘bAd Calculator’, a new software developed in Visual Basic programme which can be applied for analyses of various drainage basin parameters, directional aspects, etc. The graphical user interface of bAd Calculator can be used for several applications such as determination of bearing and azimuth of linear features and their representation in rose diagram. Various drainage basin parame...