in the previous article written by the author of this paper we saw that economic principles governing  legislation policy in the field of copyright make legislator enact efficient laws and regulations on copyright and prevent him to enact contrary regulations in the same fields. the previous article considered three economic principles and now this article tries to examine two economic principl...

US Federal Legislation is a common subject of discussion and advocacy on the web. The contents of bills present a significant challenge to both experts and average citizens due to their length and complex legal language. To make bills more accessible to the general public, we present Many Bills: a web-based visualization prototype that reveals the underlying semantics of a bill. We classify the...

The interest in State Legislatures in the topic of mental retardation and the death penalty has obviously heightened with the United States Supreme Court’s decision in Atkins v. Virginia, 122 S.Ct. 2242 (June 20, 2002). The purpose of this document is to provide legislators and advocates with guidance in implementing the Atkins decision, so that each State’s death penalty legislation is in full...

This article examines the rights of patients, particularly incompetent patients, in long-term care facilities to refuse psychotropic medication. In exploring this topic, the author focuses on the provisions of the Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1987 which was part of a Congressional solution to afford greater protection to residents of long-term care facilities. Because the legislation ha...

aims: hospital information system may offer a way to increased self-care management. the aim of this study was to determine the patients’ informational needs for self-care management and evaluation of different his software according to these needs.  materials & methods: this descriptive cross-sectional study was done during 2011-2012 in kashan city, iran at two phases compiling the required in...

A set of panchromatic absorbers exhibiting long excited-state lifetimes in both polar and nonpolar media has been prepared. The architectures are based on a porphyrin strongly coupled electronically to 1-4 perylene-monoimides via ethyne linkers. The constructs should find utility in molecular solar-conversion systems.

Vindija cave in Croatia has yielded the youngest securely dated Neandertal skeletal remains in Central/Eastern Europe. In addition, these remains have been found in association with archaeological material exhibiting Upper Paleolithic elements. Due to its geographic location and date, the Vindija remains are particularly crucial for the understanding of initial modern human peopling of Europe a...

Stability of Learning in Classes of The relationship to work by Mozer, [5], on induction of temporal structure, is briefly described in [13]. Recurrent and Feedforward Networks In the research reported here, the task is similar to Elman’s: predicting the next letter in a word (or the end of William H. Wilson the word) from the current letter and the representation of past letters held in the st...

A strategy to optimize the photoswitching efficiency of rigid, linear multiazobenzene constructs is presented. It consists of introducing large dihedral angles between azobenzene moieties linked via aryl-aryl connections in their para positions. Four bisazobenzenes exhibiting different dihedral angles as well as three single azobenzene reference compounds have been synthesized, and their switch...

In this paper we study a classical model concerning occurrence of words in a random sequence of letters from an alphabet. The problem can be studied as a game among (m + 1) words: the winning word in this game is the one that occurs first. We prove that the knowledge of the first m words results in an advantage in the construction of the last word, as it has been shown in the literature for the...