Marcia Angell, Executive Editor of the New England Journal of Medicine, recently argued that "the most frequent types of unethical research occurring today involve obtaining informed consent as a legalism, without truly informing the subjects, and inappropriately using a placebo group in a clinical trial" (1). From Figure 1, showing the chronologic relation of the main placebo-controlled trials...

Abstract Kantian legalism is now the dominant scholarly interpretation of Kant and an important approach to legal political philosophy in its own right. One notable feature construal relationship between law politics decisively law’s favour: Law subordinates politics. Political judgment constrained by only permissibly exercised through law. This paper opposes this subordination a close analysis...

The debate on EU responses to democratic backsliding in member states has mostly been anchored technocratic appeals the rule of law and judicial independence, Poland Hungary. In this article, we ask: What understandings democracy have shaped European Commission's response recent years? After developing an understanding pluralist democracy, uncover way which Commission conceives through a discou...

In recent years, Central and Eastern Europe have furnished several examples of illiberalism in power. The most prominent consequential cases are Fidesz, which has ruled Hungary since 2010, Law Justice (PiS), Poland 2015. both cases, illiberal governments embarked upon an extensive project political reform aimed at dismantling the liberal-democratic order. We examine nature, scope, consequences ...

Social services reform in countries in transition, striving for a new welfare mix, is driven by three broad principles, sometimes described as the “3Ds” of reform, namely deinstitutionalisation (the move away from an over-reliance on long-term care in residential institutions towards more humane and cost effective community-based services); diversification (the promotion of a renewed welfare mi...