nowadays, sport is known as a great business in trade activities and has brought huge revenues for athletes; sport teams and other sport personalities whereas large part of this revenue emanates from intellectual property rights particularly different kinds of trademarks. regarding fundamental principles and legal approaches of leading systems, this paper attempts to clarify the eminent role of...

sometimes there comes a pronoun after a common [individual], which has apparently been used as the object of a legal decision (ḥukm), and by means of external evidence, the certainty is achieved that this pronoun refers to some common individuals. then, the question arises as to whether reference of the pronoun to some common individuals would cause its designation or the common generality cont...

Abstract In liberal democracies that were British colonies, law constructs the linkages and distinctions between individual political bodies. Legality re-iterates form of an ancient construct called King’s Two Bodies. The legal construction these bodies ensures their borders are continuously perpetually contested transgressed, different modalities power have arisen to take advantage them. Addit...

legal fiction as a legal mechanism in various legal systems especially in formalist and inflexible legal systems is original subject of this article. in this article be analysed the nature and elements of legal fiction and its historical role in ancient roman law system and common law with comparative study in iran legal system. legal fiction as a legal mechanism in various legal systems especi...