Progress towards gender equality involves changes in the traditional parental division - female caring and male breadwinning. One aspect is increased parental leave for fathers, which may benefit the health of mothers, children, and fathers themselves. We examined how social and health characteristics (2002) were associated with paternity leave in excess of the 'father quota' of 60 days (2003-2...

In this study, the utilization of temporary parental leave (leave from work to take care of a sick child) of single and cohabiting women is compared, both as regards the probability of taking temporary parental leave and the number of days taken. Since cohabiting women have the possibility of sharing the temporary parental leave needed with their partners, we would expect them to have a lower u...

water productivity is a function of crop yield and management operation. determination of different yield levels through field experiments is difficult. therefore, applying simulation model is an approach which makes possible to assess water balance, simulate growth process and survey different scenarios. using the cropsyst crop growth model to analyze water productivity, as an indicator of wat...

OBJECTIVE This study examined how maternal work-related factors, including the availability of paid maternal leave, affect childhood vaccination status. Relatively little is known about the association between the employment status of mothers and the vaccination status of their children. METHOD We examined data from the Japanese Study on Stratification, Health, Income, and Neighborhood (J-SHI...

In this paper, we consider three U.S. public policies that potentially influence the work decisions of mothers of infants—parental leave laws, exemptions from welfare work requirements, and child care subsidies for low-income families. We estimate the effects of these policies on the timing of work participation after birth, and on a range of outcomes in the subsequent four years, using a group...

Parental Leave – A Policy Evaluation of the Swedish “Daddy-Month” Reform Many countries are trying to incentivize fathers to increase their share in parental leave and in household work to improve female labor market opportunities. Our unique data set stems from a natural experiment in Sweden. The data comprises all children born before (control group) and after the reform (treatment group) in ...

We argue that the inability of schools to embrace new core technologies lies instead in the nature of schools as social institutions. Thus the catalytic power of information technologies are likely to leave the core practices of schooling untouched, and instead open up a wide range of alternative learning venues to traditional schools. We see the seeds of a technology-driven, alternative system...

The transition from student to nurse has been described as traumatic, confusing, and shocking. The difficulties encountered by the graduates have led to the premature termination of their first position, and sometimes they leave nursing altogether. To coach new nurses in preparation for their first year of practice using an appreciative inquiry framework, this study focused on the new graduates...

A solution to marketplace information asymmetries is to have trading partners publicly rate each other post-transaction. Many have shown these ratings are effective; we show that their effectiveness deteriorates over time. The problem is that ratings are prone to inflation, with raters feeling pressure to leave “above average” ratings, which in turn pushes the average higher. This pressure stem...

in order to investigate of the effects of water stress on seed yield and gas exchange and to evaluate the relationship between source and sink in sunflower azargol variety, a split-plot factorial field experiment was conducted in 2008. in this experiment, water stress (no irrigation from 30 days after sowing till ripening) and irrigation (irrigation at -3 bar soil water potential) were consider...