Recent meta-analytic evidence suggests that clinical neuropsychological methods are not likely to uncover circumscribed cognitive impairments in the deficit syndrome of schizophrenia. To overcome this issue, we adapted a cognitive neuroscience perspective and used a new "chaining" habit learning task. Participants were requested to navigate a cartoon character through a sequence of 4 rooms by l...

attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ad/hd) is one of the most common neurodevelopmental disorders in childhood which involves behavioral and learning disturbances in children.  in addition, the disorder usually causes some problems in a child’s interaction with the peer group and family members. the present research addresses the comparative effectiveness of behavior parent training (bpt)...

PURPOSE A phonological deficit is thought to affect most individuals with developmental dyslexia. The present study addresses whether the phonological deficit is caused by difficulties with perceptual learning of fine acoustic details. METHOD A demanding test of nonverbal auditory memory, "noise learning," was administered to both adults with dyslexia and control adult participants. On each t...

CONTEXT Children and adults with psychopathic traits and conduct or oppositional defiant disorder demonstrate poor decision making and are impaired in reversal learning. However, the neural basis of this impairment has not previously been investigated. Furthermore, despite high comorbidity of psychopathic traits and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, to our knowledge, no research has att...

Several lines of evidence implicate the prefrontal cortex in learning but there is little evidence from studies of human lesion patients to demonstrate the critical role of this structure. To this end, we tested patients with lesions of the frontal lobe (n=36) and healthy controls (n=35) on two learning tasks: the weather prediction task (WPT), and an eight-pair concurrent visual discrimination...

Spinal cord neurons can support a simple form of instrumental learning. In this paradigm, rats completely transected at the second thoracic vertebra learn to minimize shock exposure by maintaining a hindlimb in a flexed position. Prior exposure to uncontrollable shock (shock independent of leg position) disrupts this learning. This learning deficit lasts for at least 24h and depends on the NMDA...

Perceptual learning has widely been claimed to be attention driven; attention assists in choosing the relevant sensory information and attention may be necessary in many cases for learning. In this paper, we focus on the interaction of perceptual learning and attention - that perceptual learning can reduce or eliminate the limitations of attention, or, correspondingly, that perceptual learning ...

 Background: The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the psychometric properties (validity and reliability) of the Persian version of the Sustained Auditory Attention Capacity Test in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Methods: The Persian version of the Sustained Auditory Attention Capacity Test was constructed to assess sustained auditory attention using the meth...

introduction: this study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of neurofeedback on attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. methods: this is a quasi-experimental study without a control group. the study population included all children aged 5 to 12 years old affected with attention deficit hyperactivity disorders in tehran, iran who were referred to psychiatric clinics and given the diagnosis. t...

We have previously reported that 14-d chronic intermittent cold (CIC) stress induced a cognitive deficit in reversal learning on the rat attentional set-shifting test. This effect may be related to dysregulation of 5-HT function in orbitofrontal cortex, as a model of cognitive dysfunction in depression. To test the ability of chronic antidepressant drug treatment to reverse the cognitive defici...