ion transactions Abstraction instructional transactions enable the learner to acquire class, subclass, and instance relationships between knowledge objects. Abstraction transactions promote the ability to transfer or use a skill acquired for one set of instances or subclasses with a new8 set of instances or subclasses. Abstraction transactions enable the learner to generalize knowledge by acqui...

Attrition is a major concern in schools of nursing, and research shows that it is most prevalent in baccalaureate nursing students as they first encounter their initial nursing and core science courses. Nurse educators anticipate that beginning nursing students have the potential to be self-directed learners; and have the initiative to independently identify and implement resources and strategi...

the purpose of the present study was to examine the effects of self – control modeling , that is presenting moded to learner whenever they asked for it, on learning a timing task.twenty four right handed subjects (12 males, 12 females, aged 19-20) voluntarily participated in the study and were assigned randomly to two groups of self – control and yoked.the task was pressing the keys number 1, 4...

The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of two types of paragraph on EFL learners’ written production. It addressed the issue of how three aspects of language production (i.e. complexity, accuracy, and fluency) vary among two types of paragraphs (i.e. paragraphs of chronology and cause-effect) written by EFL learners. Thirty intermediate level learners of English participate...

over the past 25 years, autonomy has been a popular focus for discussion and increasingly influential in foreign language educa- tion. most research is concentrated on learner autonomy, while teacher autonomy has been seriously neglected. recently, however, researchers and experts have realized that to enhance learner autonomy, we must enhance teacher autonomy (e.g., benson 2000; little 1995; l...

Learner autonomy has been described as the ultimate objective in many language teaching programs since the third quarter of the twentieth century and educators have highlighted the significant role of promoting learner autonomy in the process of language learning and teaching. However, only limited number of studies has been awarded to what leaner autonomy mean to teachers. This study addressed...

From a complex dynamic systems (CDST) perspective, language is understood as system comprised of subsystems that change and develop over time in response to learner-internal -external factors (Verspoor et al., 2008). Accordingly, development seen process responsive the interaction between learner her context time. While CDST prefers product approach analyzing its development, extant research on...