background: ca is the most important minerals in the body that plays a key rols in the physiological activities, anzymatic reaction and the regulation of myocardial contraction and relax-ation. ca deficiency causes the heart failure and decrease cardiac contractility. objectives: to determine the effects of long-term dietary calcium deficiency on the heart function of layer hens based on the el...

A 10 wk trial was conducted to investigate the effect of using ground, sterilized eggshell as a calcium source in the diet of laying hens. Egg production, egg and eggshell quality, hatching characteristics and eggshell ultrastructure were evaluated. A total of 144 hens aged 25 wk were housed in floor pens, located in a conventional open-sided layer shed. The birds were randomly divided into thr...

Effect of Dietary Supplementation Liquid Prebiotic and Antibiotic on Egg Production, Quality, Blood Parameters, Immune System Response Layer Hens at Post Molt Period

BACKGROUND: Several regulatory proteins are involved in Salmonella invasion. The key regulator of SPI-1 (Salmonella pathogenicity island 1 ) is hilA, a transcriptional activator encoded on SPI-1 that regulates the expression of the SPI-1 secretion system. OBJECTIVES: Importance of hilA mutation on S. enteritidis colonization and shedding in layer hens was evaluated in a long-term experiment. ME...

Heat stress is an effective factor on immune responses, body weight, egg production and egg quality of chickens. The major effect of heat stress is due to decreased food intake and alteration in acid-base balance. During the recent years, efforts to improve laying performance at high temperatures have been relatively successful. Supplementation of the diet or drinking water with special nutrien...

this study was aimed to determine abundance and body distribution of prm in laying hens of arak. a total of 1400 laying hens were randomly examined from january to june 2008. of those, 26 (92.86%) layer farms were found to be infested with dermanyssus gallinae (39.3%). there was significant association between prevalence and climatic conditions of the region. the most common predilection site o...

Salmonella contamination of laying hen flocks and shell eggs is associated with various management and environmental factors. Foodborne outbreaks of human salmonellosis have been traced back to consumption of Salmonella-contaminated shell eggs. In the present study, a systematic literature review was conducted to identify and provide an evidence-based overview of potential risk factors of Salmo...

Hens involved in a Newcastle disease study were euthanased at regular intervals according to a designed protocol. Of these, 7.14 % (n = 42) of the 82-week-old specific pathogen-free breeder hens were found to have well-delineated firm white to yellowish nodules of varying sizes in the abdominal cavity. Histologically, the nodules were identified as an adenocarcinoma originating in the uterus. T...

This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of early rearing conditions on physiological, haematological and immunological responses relevant to adaptation and long-term stress in white Leghorn hens with intact beaks housed in furnished cages (FC) or conventional cages (CC) during the laying period. Pullets were cage reared (CR) or litter floor reared (FR). From 16 to 76 weeks of age, hens ...

The objective of the study was to determine sensory characteristics and fatty acid profile of eggs from commercial laying hens fed rendered spent hen meal (RSHM). Eggs were collected on a daily basis from Single Comb White Leghorn hens between 43 and 60 wk of age. The hens were fed a layer diet containing either 0, 2.5, 5.0, 7.5, or 10.0% RSHM from 48 to 60 wk in Trial 1, and from 43 to 55 wk i...