Engineers, Innovative Capacity and Development in the Americas Using newly collected national and sub-national data and historical case studies, this paper argues that differences in innovative capacity, captured by the density of engineers at the dawn of the Second Industrial Revolution, are important to explaining present income differences, and, in particular, the poor performance of Latin A...

In high-income countries, social inequalities in cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk are well-documented. Although Latin America has a rich history of theory and conceptual discussion regarding social inequalities in health, empirical research has been more limited. In this commentary we summarize recent empirical work on social inequalities in CVD risk in Latin America, and highlight key researc...

I f ever there were a good example of a problem calling for a regional solution and steady sustained leadership, Chagas disease is it. Chagas disease, or American trypanosomiasis, is a debilitating and deadly infection that afflicts rural communities throughout Latin America. The poorest people living in rural areas, particularly those with inadequate housing, are the most vulnerable. In the ea...

The treatment of multiple sclerosis (MS) has become increasingly complex during the last 10 years, mainly because of the advent of new and more potent disease-modifying therapies (DMTs). In Latin America, the therapeutic repertoire available for MS treatment is similar to the one in the rest of the world, but the high costs of these drugs, in conjunction with the limited resources of the social...

the purpose of this article is to deal with causes and trends of china and latin america foreign policy in hu jintao era. before hu presidency, china had more tendency to promoting relations with the west, but during this period (hu’s era) third world countries like africa and latin america countries gained their precedent positions in china foreign policy. the main question raised here, is “wh...

Short tandem repeats (STRs) of the combined DNA index system (CODIS) are probably the most employed markers for human identification purposes. STR databases generated to interpret DNA profiles are also helpful for anthropological purposes. In this work, we report admixture, population structure, and genetic relationships of Mexican Mestizos with respect to Latin American and Caribbean populatio...

during recent years, a debate has been taking place on the relationship between economic growth and trade policies. the present article explores the impact of trade liberalization on economic growth in islamic countries. we chose a sample of 26 islamic countries and using the gmm method, estimated the correlation between trade liberalization and economic growth for the period 1990-2003. the emp...

the community of latin american and caribbean states, celac, is among the biggest latin american :union:s in the region.  this :union:, which includes the american countries except for the united states and canada, has been created to create the vast grounds of political and economical cooperation in the region.  celac has been considered by political analysts as an influential factor in politi...

the authors examine the effects of government expenditure on economic growth in iran, using annual data for the period of 1973-2003. in this paper, they lookat the offects of human, physical capital, and government budget on gdp. in the model developed in this paper, accumulation of human capital is dependent on physical. human capital, and government budget as well. the result indicate that go...

a r t i c l e i n f o Available online xxxx JEL classifications: O33 O34 O41 Keywords: Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) Economic growth North–south model In this paper, we develop a general equilibrium endogenous growth model that emphasizes the IPR enforcement effects on growth, in a scenario of north–south technological knowledge diffusion. The economy consists of three sectors, and firms a...