BACKGROUND & AIMS Restrained food consumption may alter metabolic function and contribute to eventual weight gain; however, sex differences in these relationships have not been assessed. The objective of this study was to examine the relationship between restrained eating and insulin resistance and the influence of body mass index and sex on this relationship in a large community sample of both...

CONTEXT A car occupant could be killed if struck by another occupant who was catapulted forward, backward, or sideways in a crash. OBJECTIVE To estimate the association between death of a car occupant (the target) and restraint use by other occupants. DESIGN Matched-pair cohort study comparing the outcomes of 2 target occupants in the same passenger car that crashed. SETTING United States...

Let G = (V,E) be a graph. A set S ⊆ V (G) is a total restrained dominating set if every vertex of G is adjacent to a vertex in S and every vertex of V (G)\S is adjacent to a vertex in V (G)\S. The total restrained domination number of G, denoted by γtr(G), is the smallest cardinality of a total restrained dominating set of G. In this paper we continue the study of total restrained domination in...

Two experiments examined the impact of exposure to social food cues on the spontaneous activation of hedonic thoughts about food in restrained and unrestrained eaters. Consistent with hypotheses, it was found that restrained eaters, but not unrestrained eaters, spontaneously activate hedonic food thoughts upon reading behavior descriptions that involved a palatable food item. Moreover, it was s...

We have found that refinement of protein NMR structures using Rosetta with experimental NMR restraints yields more accurate protein NMR structures than those that have been deposited in the PDB using standard refinement protocols. Using 40 pairs of NMR and X-ray crystal structures determined by the Northeast Structural Genomics Consortium, for proteins ranging in size from 5-22 kDa, restrained ...

BACKGROUND Considering the negative consequences of using physical restraints, we conducted this study to identify patients who are more frequently restrained in a psychiatric emergency ward as an initial step to limit the use of restraint to the minimum possible. METHODS This was a retrospective case control study conducted in Iran Psychiatric Hospital in Tehran, Iran. We reviewed the files ...

OBJECTIVE Although restrained eating is believed to increase overeating and weight in the long term, the opposite has also been found: Heavy individuals are more likely to diet. The objective of the current study was to test both pathways for adolescents. DESIGN A longitudinal model was used to explore the bidirectional associations between restrained eating and body mass index (BMI). MAIN ...

Past research has shown that strong emotional or motivational states can cause normally restrained eaters to overeat. In this article it is argued that simple cognitive load can also disinhibit eating by restrained eaters. Two studies examined this disinhibition effect. In Study 1, restrained and unrestrained eaters were given the opportunity to consume high-calorie food while performing either...

The aim of the present study was to determine whether the counter-regulation observed among preloaded restrained eaters is a result of motivated overeating. Restrained eaters (n=58) and unrestrained eaters (n=60) first consumed either a non-caloric drink or a high-calorie milkshake preload. Next, participants completed a food-reinforcement task to assess their motivation to obtain cookies. Fina...

Previous work has been unclear as to how restrained eating is related to implicit attitudes towards food. The present paper introduces a new variant of the affective priming paradigm to measure implicit attitudes towards food among restrained and unrestrained eaters, using food pictures as primes and emoticons as targets. Results of two studies show that while unrestrained eaters evaluate palat...