The study of Iranian architectural spaces as well as historical houses demonstrates the combination and connection among the three open, closed, and semi-open spaces. The connection among these three spaces and generally between inside and outside is a principle of Iranian architecture. The porch, as a semi-open space, has various functional, climatic, cultural, and physical functions, besides ...

The Qajar paintings can be categorized into two main periods: the first period, initiated at the beginning of the reign of Fath-Ali Shah and continued until the reign of Naser al-din Shah. It focuses on the combination of ornamental and Persian painting forms with the achievements of naturalist art such as perspective principle and its important feature is the total domination of Persian art. I...

Clothing displays customs and habits of a society and can communicate with humans through its features. The type of women’s cover reflects how they are engaged in cultural and social activities. The occurrence of all-out developments in Europe during the Qajar period and Nasser-Din Shah’s trips to Europe and Iran’s relationship with the West initiated the challenges for Qajar women’s clothing. ...

This paper presents the results of the Identifying the binder and pigments used in the mural paintings in RahimAbad Historic Garden and Mansion in Birjand. Birjand was one of the most important governmental strategic cities in Qajar era (1789–1925A.D) and an important branch area of ancient Silk Road which connected India to Europe. Though many monuments, especially historical gardens rem...

During the Qajar era in the Kermanshah city, as an important city and the center of the government eldest son of Naseroddin shah, Mohammad Ali Mirza has made spectacular monuments including mosques with beautiful and special decorative features. In this study, an attempt was made, focusing on two mosques Dolatshah and Haj Shhbazkhan, the most important religious monuments of this period in Kerm...