The formation of superconducting YBa2Cu3O7−x (Y123) by in situ pulsed laser deposition from a stoichiometric Y123 target typically requires an oxygen-ambient environment (P ∼ 100–300-mtorr O2) and appropriate substrate temperature during deposition. We have found that pulsed laser deposition from a Y123 target in vacuo onto a (001) LaAlO3 substrate favors the formation of Y2O3. We observed that...

Femtosecond laser ablation of silicon in air was studied and compared with nanosecond laser ablation at ultraviolet wavelength (266 nm). Laser ablation efficiency was studied by measuring crater depth as a function of pulse number. For the same number of laser pulses, the fs-ablated crater was about two times deeper than the ns-crater. The temperature and electron number density of the pulsed l...

We report on the surface modification effects using allyl‐diglycol CR39 polymer induced by laser irradiation at 157 nm F2 laser (VUV) and 248 nm KrF laser. The motivation is to investigate the ablation effects on this polymer in optical waveguides application the ablation effects on this polymer in optical waveguides. Fabrication of waveguides has been observed using continuous wave (CW) at 244...

BACKGROUND Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a compact high-speed imaging technology which uses infrared light to acquire cross-sectional images of tissue on the micrometer scale. Because OCT images are based on the optical backscattering properties of tissue, changes in tissue optical properties due to surgical laser ablation should be detectable using this technique. In this work, we exam...

We describe an energy-partition diagnostic based on integrating sphere principle for measuring absorption and scattering in plasma-mediated ablation by a high repetition-rate (133 MHz), pulsetrain-burst ultrafast-pulse laser. The system time-resolves the partition of elastically scattered laser light into specular reflection, diffuse reflection, and transmission, giving access to per-pulse abso...

The collapse of laser-induced cavitation bubbles creates acoustic transients within the surrounding medium and also pressure impulses to the ablation target and light-delivery fiber during microsecond laser ablation. The impulses are investigated here with time-resolved flash photography, and they are found to occur whether or not the light-delivery fiber is in contact with the target. We demon...

IMPORTANCE Despite significant advances in surgery, most surgical tools remain basic. Lasers provide a means of precise surgical ablation, but their clinical use has remained limited because of undesired thermal, ionizing, or acoustic stress effects leading to tissue injury. A novel ultrafast, nonionizing, picosecond infrared laser (PIRL) system has recently been developed and is capable, in th...

Zebrafish have distinctive black stripes and yellow interstripes that form owing to the interaction of different pigment cells. We present a two-population agent-based model for the development and regeneration of these stripes and interstripes informed by recent experimental results. Our model describes stripe pattern formation, laser ablation and mutations. We find that fish growth shortens t...