Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (SOFC) offer electrochemically generated sources of electricity using oxygen ion transport at elevated temperatures. Analysis of materials used in SOFC using electron microscopy provides insights of foreseeable chemical reactions that govern the performance of the fuel cell. Materials used in SOFC can be divided into four categories; anode, cathode, electrolyte and interc...

The reaction of lanthanoid metal powders (Ln) with sulfur and cesium azide (CsN3) as a nitrogen source in the presence of lanthanoid tribromides (LnBr3) yields lanthanoid nitride sulfides with the composition Ln4N2S3 (Ln = Ce–Nd) when appropriate molar ratios of the starting material are used. Additional cesium bromide (CsBr) as a flux secures quantitative conversion (7 days) at 900 ◦C in evacu...

In double-cell perovskites LnBaFe2O5+w, only lanthanoids Ln ?= ?Pr to Gd support wide equilibrium nonstoichiometry w from 0 >0.5. This study investigates point-defect equilibria behind the variation in along ?Nd, Sm, by quenching oxides flowing gas of controlled oxygen partial pressures and temperatures. The experimental data as a function pO2 T are least-squares fit via standard enthalpies ent...