This study aimed to examine the effect of two types of collaborative output tasks on Iranian EFL learners’ comparative adjectives with two or more syllables. Thirty Iranian EFL learners participated in this study which were then divided into two experimental and one control groups; one experimental group received dictogloss task in 4-pairs and the other experimental group was given text reconst...

although capital inflows affect positively economies in long-run, it is possible to generate somehow destructive effects if there is no any control on financial markets. this study tries to explore main determinants of large capital inflows episodes to emerging markets. it is also investigated whether the large capital inflows episodes lead to financial crises in forms of sudden stop phenomenon...

This paper reports 2 studies that explore the role of joint attentional processes in the child's acquisition of language. In the first study, 24 children were videotaped at 15 and 21 months of age in naturalistic interaction with their mothers. Episodes of joint attentional focus between mother and child--for example, joint play with an object--were identified. Inside, as opposed to outside, th...

The present study examines the role that multimodality and translanguaging play in scaffolding oral interactions during language-related episodes (LREs) involving meaning negotiation. tasks carried out using synchronous video-based computer-mediated communication were part of a tandem virtual exchange (Spain, Canada). participants, 18 dyads English Spanish college-level learners, conducted thre...

Covid-19 has meant an increase in the time language learners spend doing tasks alone, either at home or socially distanced classrooms once characterised by collaborative pairwork. The present classroom study compares independent task performance with pairwork terms of Language-Related Episodes (LREs) and learning topicalised forms. A mixed-methods analysis suggests that while individuals engage...

One of the most influential views on the hippocampal function suggests that this brain region is critically involved in relational memory processing, that is, binding converging inputs to mediate the representation of relationships among the constituents of episodes. It has been proposed that this binding is automatic and obligatory during learning and remembering In addition, neuroimaging stud...

This study investigated the effectiveness of incidental focus on form in promoting second language development in text-based live chats. Sixteen college-level Taiwanese English language learners were partnered with American college students to complete two communicative tasks via synchronous chats on Instant Messenger. Language-related episodes (LREs) were identified and used as a basis for ind...