The most common means for disposing of municipal solid waste is burial in a sanitary landfill. However, many landfill are underestimate the total cost of landfill disposal be considering only land and operating costs, ignoring external physical and social costs associated with landfills. This paper pro0oses and approach be estimating (in monetary terms) the external costs arising from the devel...

Under the predominant existing paradigm, in balancing the public interest in transmission line planning and siting decisions most state regulatory authorities weigh the benefits to the customers of a specific utility system, or to the consumers in an individual state, against potential adverse consequences. This approach to transmission siting was designed to serve the model of a vertically-int...

Landfills settle due to its weight and biodegradation of waste. Biodegradation-induced settlement is a direct result of rearrangement of waste skeleton in response to the conversion of waste mass into landfill gases. Traditionally, the compressibility index based on settlement of clays is used to explain the settlement of waste. Literature review showed that there are limited research attempts ...

Selected heavy metals (HMs) including Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn initially released from a full-scale bioreactor landfill were monitored over the first 20 months of operation. At the initial landfill stage, the leachate exhibited high HMs release, high organic matter content (27000-43000gl(-1) of TOC) and low pH (5-6). By the fifth month of landfilling, the methanogenic stage had been establishe...

BACKGROUND The migratory patterns of animals are changing in response to global environmental change with many species forming resident populations in areas where they were once migratory. The white stork (Ciconia ciconia) was wholly migratory in Europe but recently guaranteed, year-round food from landfill sites has facilitated the establishment of resident populations in Iberia. In this study...

One of the major problems in waste management is concerned with the selection appropriate site for the waste disposal. Leakage from landfills and lagoons usually contain significant amounts of contaminants such as ammonia, nitrate, chloride and metals. These contaminants may reach aquifers, degrade the water resource, and become hazardous to human health. In this paper a two-stage, multicriteri...

Landfill siting should take into account a wide range of territorial and legal factors in order to reduce negative impacts on the environment. The suitability of selected site for disposal center affects the amount of generated energy and the cost of disposal generation. Suitable sites should be determined on the basis of technical, economical and socio-environmental issues. GIS along with appr...

This paper demonstrates a toolkit for multiple observer siting to maximize their joint viewshed, on high-resolution gridded terrains, up to 2402 × 2402, with the viewsheds’ radii of up to 1000. It shows that approximate (rather than exact) visibility indexes of observers are sufficient for siting multiple observers. It also shows that, when selecting potential observers, geographic dispersion i...

The siting of Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) landfills is a complex decision process. Existing methods utilize expert scores to determine criteria weights, however, they ignore the uncertainty data and criterion weights efficacy results. In this study, coupled fuzzy Multi-Criteria Decision-Making (MCDM) approach was employed site in Lanzhou, semi-arid valley basin city China, enhance spatial decis...