The assessment of land degradation and the quantification of its effects on land productivity have been both a scientific and political challenge. After four decades of Earth Observation (EO) applications, little agreement has been gained on the magnitude and direction of land degradation in the Sahel. The large number of EO datasets and methods associated with the complex interactions among bi...

Generating annual land cover maps in the tropics based on optical data is challenging because of the large amount of invalid observations resulting from the presence of clouds and haze or high moisture content in the atmosphere. This study proposes a strategy to build an annual time series from multi-year data to fill data gaps. The approach was tested using the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spec...

Figure 13: The total matrix ll time for each of the three methods: LU Decomposition , Conjugate Residual iteration, and the ns-form algorithm.

The availability of high-resolution satellite images allowed new applications, especially in urban areas. In Brazil, where up-to-date information is frequently missing in data banks at Municipal, State and Federal level, the information obtained from these images could eventually fill this gap. In this paper, a case study, performed in the city of São José dos Campos, São Paulo State, Brazil is...

Cadastral data composed of land boundary and ownership has a very dynamic nature while conventional GIS data model assumes the world is static. In order to fill the gap, authors clarified the dynamic nature of cadastral data and presented the analysis of functional requirements, and then developed a spatio-temporal model and relevant functionalities, which can deal with real world cadastral dat...

Land management in Alpine parks provides multifunctional services to separate groups of users. Choice experiments can be used to derive estimates of value for different management attributes. However, little research has been conducted on how frequently respondents ignore attributes used to describe policy management scenarios. We fill this gap using an approach that identifies and compares bot...

Although the focus of the discussion regarding the significance of the error related negatively (ERN/Ne) has been on the cognitive factors reflected in this component, there is now a growing body of research that describes influences of motivation, affective style and other factors of personality on ERN/Ne amplitude. The present study was conducted to further evaluate the relationship between a...

1. Due to the hierarchical organization of stream networks, land use changes occurring at larger spatial scales (i.e. the catchment) can affect physical, chemical and biological characteristics at lower spatial scales, ultimately altering stream structure and function. Anthropogenic effects on streams have primarily been documented using structural metrics such as water chemistry, channel alter...