The study examined crop diversification and its implications on farm productivity income among small holder farmers in Abia State, Nigeria. A multistage sampling procedure was used to obtain a sample size of 250. Data were collected by the distribution structured questionnaire. Simpson Index diversification, gross margin land equivalent ratio as analytical tools. result revealed that high (Simp...

introduction intercropping as a common method in sustainable agricultural systems, plays an important role in increasing productivity and yield stability to improve utilization of resources )alizadeh et al., 2010). studies in different countries showed that intercropping causes increase in diversity, production and more efficient use of water resources, land, labor and nutrients and also reduce...

in order to investigate the competition indices of intercropping wheat and chickpea under nitrogen consumption, an experiment was arranged as factorial based on randomized complete block design with three replications during 2009 – 2010 in gonbad kavous university farm. planting patterns factor included four levels of sole cropping wheat (w), two rows of wheat with one row of chickpea (w2c1) on...

Abstract Land equivalent ratio (LER) is a most widely used indicator of yield advantage multi-crop farms over sole-crop farms, and usually measured using crop biomass per unit area. Most often, yields are compared between both systems the same In this paper, we demonstrate that although area plant different, LER remains invariant. As corollary, time land use efficiency, derived from LER, also r...

introduction cultivation of medicinal plants in agricultural ecosystems plays an important role in the diversification and sustainability of these systems (rezaei-chiyaneh & dabbagh mohammadi nassab, 2014). therefore, the application of ecological principles such as multi-ship system seems essential in the production of these plants. zarifpour et al. (2014) in intercropping arrangements of cumi...

We discuss how an inner-shell electron energy-loss spectrum can be processed using Bayesian (maximum-entropy or maximum-likelihood) deconvolution to simultaneously remove plural scattering and improve the energy resolution. As in Fourier-ratio deconvolution, a low-loss spectrum (recorded from the same area of specimen) is used as a kernel or resolution function. This procedure avoids the need t...

Schultz, B., Phillips, C., Rosset, P. and Vandermeer, J., 1982. An experiment in intercropping cucumbers and tomatoes in southern Michigan, U.S.A. Scientia Hortic., 18: 1--8. Yields are reported for an experimental intercrop of tomatoes and cucumbers in southeastern Michigan, U.S.A., during the 1980 growing-season. The land equivalent ratio (LER) was 1.14, that is, 14% more land would be needed...

A field study was carried out during the summer seasons of 2019 and 2020 at research farm Agriculture University, Kota, Rajasthan, to effect NP fertilization stress mitigating chemicals on productivity profitability cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.) baby corn (Zea mays intercropping system. The experiment conducted in a split-split plot design with 5 systems [sole cowpea, sole corn, + (2: 1), (3: 1...