the debate whether esp teachers need to have knowledge of the specialized field they are teaching has been an issue in the literature over the last two decades. the aim of conducting this study was to explore iranian learners’ and instructors’ beliefs and attitudes concerning the role of specialized knowledge in teaching esp classes. a seventeen item questionnaire was administered to 400 esp le...

Introduction: Despite many challenges, public-private partnership in hospitals is recognized as one of the most attractive investment platforms for the private sector. This study conducted to assess the challenges of private sector partnership with public hospitals using the public-private partnership model in public hospitals in Yazd. Methods: The present qualitative research conducted in 202...

to teach english adequately, qualified teachers are needed. unfortunately, there are still teachers who are teaching english without an academic degree in tefl. it is necessary for teachers to have a major in english to have subject knowledge, but it is not sufficient. teachers need to have an understanding of the social, cultural, moral, ethical, and pedagogical issues of education and practic...

Background and objective: Audience communication with digital media is bilateral and interactive. Book publishing in non-printed and digital formats has also created the feature of interactivity in books. This paper presents an attempt to identify the challenges of creating interactive childrenchr('39')s books in Iran by evaluating childrenchr('39')s interactive books published in Iran and the ...

with the growth of more humanistic approaches towards teaching foreign languages, more emphasis has been put on learners’ feelings, emotions and individual differences. one of the issues in teaching and learning english as a foreign language is demotivation. the purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between the components of language learning strategies, optimism, duration o...

Introduction: schizophrenia is a chronic condition that leads to debilitating consequences, is associated numerous challenges. So families need long-term psychosocial support. Methods: the study was performed by interpretive descriptive method. Using purposive sampling, 30 participants participated in the study. Data were collected through individual interviews and coded, codes with similar the...

Introduction: The Ministry of Health influences the executive organizations through the high councils and the decision-making system. It is necessary to adopt an inter-sectoral cooperation approach, seek appropriate support for interacting with these councils, focus on the health taken decisions, and analyze their current situation. This study aimed to investigate the challenges and barriers to...