Animals using active sensing systems such as echolocation or electrolocation may experience interference from the signals of neighbouring conspecifics, which can be offset by a jamming avoidance response (JAR). Here, we report JAR in one echolocating bat (Tadarida teniotis: Molossidae) but not in another (Taphozous perforatus: Emballonuridae) when both flew and foraged with conspecifics. In T. ...

An anaerobic system is described which allows the microbiologist or hospital technician ease of operation not previously possible with other systems. Gas cylinders, vacuum pumps, valves, and gauges have been eliminated. A new anaerobic lid was developed that is fitted only with a snap-in rubber gasket, a double stainless-steel gauze flash arrestor, and a catalyst holder. The holder contains a p...

Naturally occurring radon in ground water can potentially be used as an in situ partitioning tracer to characterize dense nonaqueous phase liquid (DNAPL) saturations. The static method involves comparing radon concentrations in water samples from DNAPL-contaminated and noncontaminated portions of an aquifer, while the push-pull method involves the injection (push) and extraction (pull) of a rad...

This study provides a set of nutritional and environmental parameters suitable for the growth of morel (Morchella crassipes) sclerotia in the laboratory, using a modification of the jar method of Ower et al. (U.S. patent 4,594,809, June 1986). The optimum nutritional and environmental conditions for morel sclerotium formation and maturation as determined in this study consist of a layer of rye ...

Foreknowledge in research participants can undermine the validity of psychological research. Three studies examined a potentially major source of foreknowledge: participant crosstalk in an undergraduate subject pool. Participants in all three studies attempted to win extra experimental credit by guessing the number of beans in a jar-a nearly impossible task without foreknowledge of the answer. ...