The importance placed on risk avoidance in our society has resulted in a broad range of regulations intended to guarantee safety of products such as pharmaceuticals and chemicals. Many of these regulations rely on animal tests. As a result, about 25% of the animal experiments in Europe are done for regulatory purposes. There are many initiatives that aim to replace, reduce, or refine laboratory...

(mg/kg) 0.400 0.560Reference Nesbitt et al. (38) Asao et al. (4)DimethylformamideB10.364Carnaghan et al (18)DimethylformamideB21.696Carnaghan et al.

A computerized laboratory animal tracking database system and several interactive microcomputer application programs for monitoring captive animals, selecting and randomly assigning animals to treatment groups, formulating baits, and other tasks are described. Proc. 15th Vertebrate Pest Conf. (J. E. Borrecco & R. E. Marsh, Editors) Published at University of Calif., Davis. 1992

The National Cancer Institute (NCI) and the National Toxicology Program (NTP) have carried out a number of laboratory animal carcinogenicity studies and presented the results of these experiments in a series of Technical Reports. This paper tabulates the results of the 327 NCI/NTP studies carried out to date on 308 distinct chemicals, and discusses certain issues relevant to the evaluation of c...

The Dutch Act on Animal Experimentation (1996) requires that local animal experiments committees (AECs) review animal experiments and balance the scientific and societal benefits of the experiments against the suffering caused to the animals used. Each AEC is composed of at least seven members who provide a balance of expertise in animal experiments, alternatives to laboratory animal experiment...

red: morph-specific contest success and survival rates in a colour polymorphic agamid lizard. Animal Behaviour 74:337-341. in females is also lateralized: left-eye bias during aggressive courtship rejection in lizards. Assessment in contests of male lizards (Anolis carolinensis): how should smaller males respond when size matters? Animal Behaviour 69:1325-1336.

grows. Another line of attack on this problem is that of transplanting human tumours into laboratory animals. This provides a means of studying the effects of certain chemicals, hormones and viruses on human breast cancer outside the patient and gives a laboratory testing-ground for them before trial on patients. This paper describes briefly how human tumours can be grown in rats and hamsters f...

BACKGROUND Laboratory exercises are intended to illustrate concepts and add an active learning component to courses. Since 1980s, there has been a decline in animal laboratories in medical physiology courses. Other cost-effective non-aninmal alternatives are being sought. The present study was designed to find out the students' opinion regarding the animal versus computer lab and whether innova...

Among the 28 member nations of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), a variety of training methodologies--including simulators, moulage scenarios, didactics and live animal laboratories-are used to prepare military medical personnel to treat injured civilians and soldiers. For ethical, educational, practical, and economic reasons, the necessity of animal use for this purpose has come i...