This article argues that neither the share of the workforce in self-employment nor the labor turnover rate are useful measures of labor market distortion or rigidity unless adjusted for country-specific economic and demographic variables. A growth model that incorporates efficiency wage effects and offers an alternative to traditional models of informal self-employment is developed and is used ...

This paper empirically investigates the impact of industrial robot use on China's labor market using data from 13 segments manufacturing industry between 2006 and 2016. According to findings, robots has a displacement effect demand in industry. The specific performance is that for every 1% increase stock, falls by 1.8%. After endogenous processing robustness test, this conclusion remains valid....

Effective knowledge and awareness of customers require the market segmentation, through which the customers who have the same needs and purchasing patterns as well as the same response to marketing plans are identified. The selection of a proper variable is a requirement, among other, for a successful market segmentation. In today' world, on one hand, the consumers are bombarded with new goods ...

based on existing literature social capital is defined as a set of norms and rules and informal networks that provide association, trust and collective action to obtain the public good. the empowerment projects of world bank that has been implemented in many third world countries in the late 1980s followed by a non-reductionist non- physical approach integration of cultural and socio- economic ...

in t r o d u c t io n [ 5 ] It Is estImated that over 40 mIllIon jobs In the unIted States—about one in three—are considered low wage (Boushey, Fremstad, Gragg, and Wall 2007). Research has shown that women, minorities, and non-college educated workers are overwhelmingly concentrated in this labor market sector (Applebaum, Berhardt, and Murnan 2006) and the probability of being a low-wage worke...

This paper examines an economic union where oligopolistic firms produce by skilled and unskilled labor and do R&D by skilled labor. The planner of the union accepts new members to the union, deregulates the product market through anti-trust policy and regulates the labor market through a minimum wage for unskilled labor. Firms and workers lobby the planner for prospective policy. It is shown th...

The gender gap in working conditions has barely improved in South Korea where various measures for gender equality have been in place for a relatively long time. Furthermore, the female employment rate is also the lowest in OECD (Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development) countries. This study will evaluate the stratified structure of the labor market to identify the causes and will...

purpose: labor market is one of the most important markets in iran as in many developed and developing countries. however, although attention to this market has always been at the forefront of economic planning, but in most cases, quantity matters more than quality in this market. it is also visible as regional differences especially the case in urban areas. therefore, the study of the quality ...