This study is to investigate the short- and long-run causal relationship between agglomeration (localization and urbanization) economies and labor productivity in the manufacturing sector of 28 Iranian provinces over an 11-year period, 2001–2011. Fully Modified Ordinary Least Squares (FMOLS) method was used to estimate our long-run panel data model. The empirical findings suggested that localiz...

With a rising demand for kidney transplantation, reliable pre-transplant assessment of organ quality becomes top priority. In clinical practice, physicians are regularly in doubt whether suboptimal offers from older donors should be accepted. Here, we externally validate existing prediction models European population deceased donors, and subsequently developed validated an adverse outcome tool....

The kidney is one of the most sensitive organs to cadmium-induced toxicity, particularly in conditions long-term oxidative stress. We hypothesized that, transplant recipients, nephrotoxic exposure cadmium represents an overlooked hazard for optimal graft function. To test this, we performed a prospective cohort study and included 672 outpatient recipients with functioning beyond year. median pl...