This paper examines the reasons for study of adult beginner distance learners of Spanish and the relationships between those reasons and motivation maintenance. A survey of 563 Open University UK students found motivational orientations distinct from those of young people in earlier studies. Adult learners who maintained their motivation also demonstrated a greater number of reasons for study. ...

This paper examines the reasons for study of adult beginner distance learners of Spanish and the relationships between those reasons and motivation maintenance. A survey of 563 Open University UK students found motivational orientations distinct from those of young people in earlier studies. Adult learners who maintained their motivation also demonstrated a greater number of reasons for study. ...

This paper examines the reasons for study of adult beginner distance learners of Spanish and the relationships between those reasons and motivation maintenance. A survey of 563 Open University UK students found motivational orientations distinct from those of young people in earlier studies. Adult learners who maintained their motivation also demonstrated a greater number of reasons for study. ...

Advances in speech recognition (ASR) technology have resulted in computer applications that provide compelling forms of speaking practice to learners of a second language (L2). Evaluation of such applications typically does not include an analysis of how learners’ situated motivational states fluctuate during language practice. In connection with recent developments in L2 motivation theory, thi...

This paper examines the reasons for study of adult beginner distance learners of Spanish and the relationships between those reasons and motivation maintenance. A survey of 563 Open University UK students found motivational orientations distinct from those of young people in earlier studies. Adult learners who maintained their motivation also demonstrated a greater number of reasons for study. ...

This study explores the relationships between L2 motivational self system (L2MSS)—Ideal self, Ought-to and Learning experience—and willingness to communicate (WTC) based on results of a questionnaire survey 120 freshmen from English majors (English, Business English, Translation). The demonstrate that: (1) in L2MSS, ideal has greatest mean 3.83, WTC 3.74. Overall, each value is upper-middle ran...

Informed by the expectancy–value theory and motivational factors influencing teaching model choices, this case study explored three Chinese-as-a-foreign-language assistants’ (L2 Chinese TAs’) engagement in L2 as a sustainable lifelong career New Zealand. Each TA participated rounds of semi-structured interviews process data collection. The findings revealed that (1) TAs’ expectancy was all stud...

This paper focuses on the effect of motivational languaging activities (MLAs) EFL learning motivation. Swain (2006) defines as “the process making meaning and shaping knowledge experience through language” (p. 98). We extend Swain’s original notion to L2 motivation; MLAs, learners are encouraged talk or write about importance their visions in own words. Various types were implemented for elemen...

Directed motivational current (DMC) ̶ as a novel strand in L2 motivational field ̶ is a robust motivational drive fueled by a highly valued goal and capable of stimulating and sustaining long-term behavior. The present study explored English as a foreign language students’ Directed Motivational Currents by validating the dynamic web-based Persian version of the scale, finding the most crucial mot...

Identifying students’ reasons for learning a language is useful every teacher who aims to help students achieve their goals. In addition, understanding how motivation maintained through the class and what extent this continues away from classroom are equally important, especially in noncompulsory adult ESOL. Following Ushioda’s (2016) call small lens approach, one of female, ESOL learners was s...