H and why is the Long Term Ecological Research (LTER) Network’s approach to ecological studies different from that of other networks? One difference is that each LTER project has the opportunity to choose its own research focus. The result is a wide variety of topics and projects that take advantage of the diverse habitats around the research sites and the diverse scientific skills of the resea...

Parallel (or block) FIR digital lters can be used either for high-speed or low-power (with reduced supply voltage) applications. Traditional parallel lter implementations cause linear increase in the hardware cost with respect to the block size. Recently, an eecient parallel FIR lter implementation technique requiring a less-than linear increase in the hardware cost was proposed. This paper mak...

In this paper, methods for processing arbitrary-length input signals with MDFT lter banks will be presented. The MDFT lter bank can be regarded as the most general type of a special class of lter banks. These lter banks have linear phase analysis lters, but di erent centers of symmetry due to subsampling with and without a phase shift [1], [2]. Already known extension methods cannot be applied ...

The classical method for impulsive noise removal in image signals consists of two steps, i.e., a step for impulse detection and a step for estimation of the pixels corrupted by impulsive noise. In this paper, we show that the step of impulse detection can be described very suitably by piecewise-linear (PWL) functions which explains intuitively the process of detection as a partition of the sign...

The performance of subband image coders depends on proper choice of lter banks. Although odd length lters in the lter banks produce waveform type artifacts, this can be alleviated by enforcing a smooth interpolation property to the synthesis lowpass lter. Evaluation of even, odd, and combinations of even and odd length lters in tree-structured lter banks, where the lter coe cients are obtained ...

We've found that Burg's two-dimensional lter ooers too much freedom in producing lateral predictions, since the predictions within a trace appear to overwhelm the lateral predictions. Instead, we x the lter coeecients along the output column so the form of the two-dimensional lter becomes equivalent to that of the FX-decon operator. The ability to control the length of this lter in time allows ...

We study L-categories of lattice-valued convergence spaces. Suchcategories are obtained by fuzzifying" the axioms of a lattice-valued convergencespace. We give a natural example, study initial constructions andfunction spaces. Further we look into some L-subcategories. Finally we usethis approach to quantify how close certain lattice-valued convergence spacesare to being lattice-valued topologi...

Extended permutation (EP) lters are deened and analyzed in this paper. In particular, we focus on extended permutation rank selection (EPRS) lters. These lters are constrained to output an order statistic from an extended observation vector. This extended vector includes N observation samples and K statistics that are functions of the observation samples. The rank permutations from selected sam...

A popular technique for time delay estimation is to use an FIR #lter to model the time di-erence and the #lter weights are interpolated with a sinc function to obtain the delay estimate. However, the sinc interpolator requires a su/ciently long #lter length for accurate delay estimation. In this paper, we propose to process the #lter weights via a least-squares-based method in order to acquire ...

In this paper, optimized perfect reconstruction octave-band two-stage and three-stage tree-structured lter banks and optimized uniform four-channel and eight-channel lter banks are compared for hybrid video coding. The lter co-eecients are optimized at each stage for subband coding gain for nonuniform lter banks. Six types of frequency partitionings are presented to compare the eecient utilizat...