in this study, we demonstrate the appearance of anatomic defects of the uterine cavity on hsg after cesarian section. we define different shapes such as thin linear defect, focal saccular outpouching, unilateral or bilateral diverticula (dog-ear like) and fistula and different locations such as the uterine body, lower uterine segment, uterine isthmus and the upper endocervical canal. cesarean s...

The fate of spermatozoa not participating in fertilization has been held to be enzymatic dissolution and phagocytic engulfment (Austin, 1957). Various investigators have observed sperm cells undergoing phagocytosis by polymorphonuclear leucocytes in the vagina and uterus (Yochem, 1929; Pitkjanen, 1960; Howe & Black, 1963). There is some evidence which indicates that ovarian hormones influence t...

background: studies have shown that physalis alkekengi reduces implantation and induces antifertility in rat. in iranian traditional medicine it is believed that this plant has abortifacient and antifertility activities. objective: the goal of this study was to evaluate the effect of physalis alkekengi ripe fruit hydroalcoholic extract (pfe) on uterine contractility and its possible mechanism(s...

Inner cell masses (ICMs) dissected from 4 1/2-day rat blastocysts were aggregated with 2 1/2-day mouse morulae. Successful aggregates formed blastocysts in vitro and morphologically normal 5 1/2-day conceptuses in the mouse uterus. Immunofluorescent analysis of these conceptuses revealed that rat cells were only present in the embryonic ectoderm and endoderm and never in the trophectoderm deriv...

introduction: subjective uterine cervical fibroma is one of the reasons for gynecological surgery in this report , a unusual procedure is presented which is more cultural than medical. the treatment is given, which is more a cultural other than medical reasons. case report: the patient presented 26 yrs old virgin. who has anemia and also risk of bleeding. these fibroids can usually be removed t...

Following the Evidence Based Medicine (EBM) practice, practitioners make use of the existing evidence to make therapeutic decisions. This evidence, in the form of scientific statements, is usually found in scholarly publications such as randomised control trials and systematic reviews. However, finding such information in the overwhelming amount of published material is particularly challenging...

Uterine fibroids are benign tumors, the etiology of which is not understood. Symptoms can be debilitating, and the primary treatment is surgery, usually hysterectomy. Epidemiologic data show that pregnancy is associated with reduced risk of fibroids. We hypothesize that this association is attributable to a protective effect of postpartum involution of the uterus. After each pregnancy the uteru...

Septate uterus is the most common structural anomaly of all mullerian defects. It is included in Class V of the AFS classification of anomalies of mullerian ducts. Fusion of the median septum of the mullerian ducts proceeds cephalad from the mullerian tubercle up to the junction of future round ligaments; shortly thereafter, the septum between the ducts is resorbed. Congenital defects can occur...

The aim of this study is to identify and summarize the evidence risk factors canine inguinal hernia containing uterus (Inguinal Hysterocele; IH) etiology by presenting our clinical experience with a literature review. A total 18 IH cases were evaluated in study. Of these, four have not yet been published anywhere, two before, 12 obtained through According findings, 81.3% small/medium races, 83....

Molecular evidence is interpreted in the light of morphology to examine the validity of several species of Haematoloechus described as Mexican endemics. Internal transcribed spacers 1 and 2 and 28S ribosomal genes were sequenced for 11 isolates. Phylogenetic analysis of separate partitions and combined databases was conducted. Results were analyzed, in the light of morphological evidence. Haema...