BACKGROUND There are growing concerns regarding inequities in health, with poverty being an important determinant of health as well as a product of health status. Within the People's Republic of China (P.R. China), disparities in socio-economic position are apparent, with the rural-urban gap of particular concern. Our aim was to compare direct and proxy methods of estimating household wealth in...

AIM To study the trend of hepatocellular carcinoma incidence after correcting the misclassification in registering cancer incidence across Iranian provinces in cancer registry data. METHODS Incidence data of hepatocellular carcinoma were extracted from Iranian annual of national cancer registration reports 2004 to 2008. A Bayesian method was implemented to estimate the rate of misclassificati...

The southern African species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann, 1794, are revised. Twenty-eight new species are described, and redescriptions and new collection records are given for three previously described species, based on the examination and databasing of 11,534 specimens from 488 localities/events. Male genitalia are illustrated, and high resolution habitus images of the holoty...

Purpose: This paper aims to investigate the contextual conditions of creativity based on Oldham Model among the librarians of public libraries of Fars province. Design/methodology/approach: The research uses a survey method. The study population was librarians of public libraries in Fars province. The data collection instrument was questionnaire. For data analysis, univariate T test and covaria...

BACKGROUND Northern Iran counts as one of the highest prevalence regions for esophageal cancer (EC) worldwide. This study was designed to assess the epidemiologic aspects of EC in north central and northwest Iran over a 10 year period. MATERIALS AND METHODS The Guilan cancer registry study (GCRS) is a population- based cancer registry study featuring retrospective (1996-2003) and prospective ...

Real estate appraisal is of great importance to several socio-economic stakeholders for different reasons and justifications: local governments and municipalities for taxation purposes; banks for mortgage and other credit applications processing; property valuation companies for marketing activities; and property developers and investors for sound investment decision-making. This paper summariz...

objectives: each year, the united nations publishes an annual report titled by “human development report” for all countries around the world which in which the complex index for human development for achieving health life alongside education and economic welfare is examined. the innate ambiguity in estimation of human development index has brought about numerous criticism against the method of ...

The aquatic parasite usually classified in six groups include Protozoa (Phylum Rhizopoda, Phylum Mastigophora, Phylum Ciliophora, Phylum Myxozoa, Phylum Microspora, Phylum Apicomplexa), Phylum Platyhelminthes (Turbellaria, Monogene, Digenia, Cestoda), Phylum Nematoda, Phylum Acanthocephala, Phylum Annelida and Phylum Arthropoda (Branchiura, Copepoda, Malacostraca (order Isopoda)). Because of th...

There are errors in the Funding section. The correct funding information is as follows: This work was supported by National Natural Science Fund (NO. 81241014), Shanxi Natural Science Fund (NO. 2011011038–2), The Science and Technology Innovation Fund of Shanxi Medical University (NO. 01201413), The Younger Fund of the Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University (NO. 20120101), The Graduate ex...

The International Humanitarian Demining Development (IHHD) concept did not evolve on a haphazard basis. The concept was born out of practical experience in Manica Province, Mozambique during the emergency relief phase between 1993 and 1995. Based on those experiences, and a serious concern that mine clearance was regarded as a purely technical activity with local involvement being relegated to ...