This study focuses on the relationship between trade and relative prices of pollution intensive goods. Seminal to this idea is the transfer problem. It is based on the idea that environmental quality of two countries that engage in trade could be affected and this could also have possible environmental quality transfer effects in a third country (geographic neighbors or trade partners) and a re...

The generation and implementation of ideas, or knowledge, is crucial for economic performance. We study this process in a model of endogenous growth with frictions. Productivity increases with knowledge, which advances via innovation, and with the exchange of ideas from those who generate them to those best able to implement them (technology transfer). But frictions in this market, including se...

The Policy Research Working Paper Series disseminates the findings of work in progress to encourage the exchange of ideas about development issues. An objective of the series is to get the findings out quickly, even if the presentations are less than fully polished. The papers carry the names of the authors and should be cited accordingly. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expresse...

Learning by Doing, Spillover and Shakeout in Monopolistic Competition by Horst Albach and Jim Jin* This paper studies the impact of learning by doing on shakeouts in monopolistic competition. Firms have different initial costs and set prices to maximize current profits in each period. Although all firms make positive profits at the beginning and grow for a certain period of time, shakeouts may ...

T number of firms carrying a cause-related product has significantly increased in recent years. We consider a duopoly model of competition between firms in two products to determine which products a firm will link to a cause. We first test the behavioral underpinnings of our model in two laboratory experiments to demonstrate the existence of both a direct utility benefit to consumers from cause...

2009 marks the 25 th edition of the IEEE International Conference on Software Maintenance (ICSM). This special panel session celebrates ICSM’s silver anniversary and the people who helped create and shape its history. From the pioneering efforts of the first workshop to today’s weeklong series of federated events, many things have changed over the years. But at least one thing remains constant:...

When can a firm cheat some individuals without damaging its reputation among others? We develop a model of discriminatory opportunism in which firms can treat all employees fairly, take advantage of all employees, or only take advantage of a subpopulation of employees. If employees believe that an act of opportunism against any employee portends opportunism against all employees, concern for re...

The list of potential benefits from closing ocean areas to extractive uses include the conservation of biodiversity within these reserves and the improvement of conditions for fisheries outside of them — the latter owing to the export of larvae and spillover of adults from the protected areas. Some marine reserves have been designated with both conservation and increased fisheries yields as goa...