Background: Evaluation of multiple-choice questions is a strategic activity and the most effective tool in educational system and improvement. In this study, the quality of some indexes of multiple-choice exams in Babol Para Medical faculty was investigated on the basis of structure and knowledge level distribution in the first semesters of 2007 and 2012. Methods: The Milman checklist was used ...

Introduction Our project is concerned mainly with knowledge representation and the markup of information for webrelated uses, and potential applications of such markup. In particular, we are developing taxonomies of certain subsets of maritime information, using these taxonomies to develop markup vocabularies for these subsets, and developing sample applications (e.g., for information retrieval...

We undertook a project to secure the distribution of medical information using Wax. This is a proprietary hypertext-based system used for information such as treatment protocols, drug formularies, and teaching material. An initial attempt, using digital signatures (in line with a recent European standard) and certificates conforming to X.509 has thrown up a number of interesting problems with c...

This paper argues that the system of formal scholarly publication is now in its third phase of evolution. This phase has not yet taken full shape, but will – in contrast to phase II which was the age of increasing commodification – be characterised by a strong de-commodified core with only a few niches for commercial publishers. The main reasons for this development are found to be economic, fu...

Organizations need to leverage their knowledge assets by making them available to their members in an efficient and effective manner. This can be done either by distributing useful codified knowledge to the users as it becomes available or by having users retrieve it according to their needs. We call the first approach knowledge distribution, and the second approach as knowledge retrieval. This...

Monitored distribution (MD) is a case-based approach for proactive knowledge distribution. MD allows the dissemination of knowledge artifacts in a just-in-time fashion in the context of its applicable targeted processes. In MD, knowledge artifacts are retrieved when they are applicable to the task in which a user is currently engaged. We define MD’s requirements and argue that it can be applied...

An agent-based simulation model representing a theory of the dynamic processes involved in innovation in modern knowledge-based industries is described. The agent-based approach allows the representation of heterogeneous agents that have individual and varying stocks of knowledge. The simulation is able to model uncertainty, historical change, effect of failure on the agent population, and agen...