Classical trajectory (Monte Carlo) calculation is used to calculate collision rate constants of ion-quadrupolar molecule interactions for the H¯+C2H2 system. The method presented here takes into account the effect of the induced dipole-induced dipole potential on ion-quadrupolar molecule collision rate constants. It is also assumed that the colliding particles have a d...

Fluctuations in mechanical energy of the body center of mass (COM) have been widely analyzed when investigating different gaits in human and animal locomotion. We applied this approach to estimate the mechanical work in cross-country skiing and to identify the fundamental mechanisms of this particular form of locomotion. We acquired movements of body segments, skis, poles and plantar pressures ...

We simulate the evolution of an initially weak magnetic field in forced turbulence for a range of Prandtl numbers. The field grows exponentially with the Kulsrud-Anderson k 3/2 spectrum until the magnetic energy approaches the viscous-scale kinetic energy, where the magnetic forces then backreact on the velocity. Further growth proceeds more slowly until a saturated state is reached where the m...

Gravitational potential energy (GPE) is lost during convective adjustment. Using monthly mean climatological datasets, the annual mean GPE loss due to convective adjustment in the world oceans is estimated at 0.24 TW. Conversion from the mean-state GPE to eddies GPE and kinetic energy (KE) is also estimated, using the commonly accepted Gent-McWilliams scheme. Our estimate is that about 1.1TW is...

where σ is the stress tensor, ǫ = 12 (∇u +∇u) T is the strain tensor, f is a body force per unit mass (gravity is a typical example), qT is a volume source (it may model chemical reactions, Joule effects, radioactive decay, etc.), and jT is the heat flux. In addition to the above three fundamental conservation equations, one may also have to add L equations that accounts for the conservation of...

Abstract The surface reactions of different energetic CHy molecules were studied using classical molecular dynamics. The sticking coefficient and the sputter yield of the different hydrocarbon species were studied for kinetic energies from 5 to 100 eV. Their dependence on the energy of the projectile and the angle of incidence are reported. Additionally, the results are compared to results from...

Density functional theory is extensively employed for the calculation of atomic and molecular properties. Achieving greater chemical accuracy or computational efficiency is desirable and this has motivated attempts to construct improved kinetic-energy functionals (KEFS) but that is not our aim in this paper. Rather, we aim to obtain expressions for the exact kinetic energy and exact noninteract...

The available potential energy of the atmosphere may be defined as the difference between the total potential energy and the minimum total potential energy which could result from any adiabatic redistribution of mass. It vanishes if the density stratification is horizontal and statically stable everywhere, and is positive otherwise. It is measured approximately by a weighted vertical average of...

The photodissociation dynamics of the hydroxymethyl radical (CH2OH, CH2OD, and CD2OD) following excitation to the 3s and 3p(x) Rydberg states is studied using time-sliced velocity map imaging of hydrogen photofragments. Dissociation takes place on the ground potential energy surface reached via conical intersections from the excited states, and formaldehyde and hydrxymethylene are identified as...