Technology, describe how taking an integrated approach to energy performance early in the design phase can deliver significant improvements in refinery energy efficiency. E nergy is the second single largest component of variable refinery operating expense, representing some 40-50% of total operating costs, excluding the cost of purchasing raw crude. Fuel and power consumption is also directly ...

Nowadays, air pollution is one of the major challenges in Assaluyeh, therefore, in the present study, according to the importance of the fourth refinery gas as the largest gas refinery in the region, the amount of emissions from Stacks and flares has been initially determined and then the distribution has been identified in the region. In this research, AERMOD and CALPUFF models have been used ...

OBJECTIVE Occupational exposure typical of an oil refinery may alter liver function among the workers. Thus, the objective of the study was to identify risk factors for liver enzyme abnormalities among oil refinery workers. METHODS The workers at an oil refinery in Northeastern Brazil underwent routine annual medical examination from 1982 to 1998. This case-control study investigated all the ...

Experiments were carried out to evaluate the batch adsorption of sulfur compounds from petroleum refinery wastewater on a chemically modified activated carbon (MAC). The modification technique enhances the removal capacity of carbon and therefore decreases cost-effective removal of sulfide from refinery wastewater. Different techniques have been used to characterize the modified activated carbo...

While ever-growing bio-ethanol production poses considerable challenges to the bioenergy supply chain, the risk of refinery operation disruptions further compromises the efficiency and reliability of the energy supply system. This paper applies discrete and continuous reliable facility location models to the design of reliable bio-ethanol supply chains so that the system can hedge against poten...

BACKGROUND An outbreak of serogroup C meningococcal disease (MD) that involved employees from an oil refinery occurred in Paulínia, from March to June 2010, and spread to the community of Cosmópolis, both situated in São Paulo State, Brazil. The aim of this study was to describe the epidemiological and laboratory aspects, and the control measures that were implemented. METHODS Descriptive and...

OBJECTIVES The purpose of this retrospective cohort study was to investigate the relationship between exposure of Korean workers to petrochemicals in the refinery/petrochemical industry and lymphohematopoietic cancers. METHODS The cohort consisted of 8,866 male workers who had worked from the 1960s to 2007 at one refinery and six petrochemical companies located in a refinery/petrochemical com...

BACKGROUND Community concern about asthma prompted an epidemiological study of children living near a petrochemical refinery in Cape Town, South Africa. Because of resource constraints and the complexity of refinery emissions, neither direct environmental measurements nor modelling of airborne pollutants was possible. Instead a meteorologically derived exposure metric was calculated with the re...