The c-Jun N-terminal kinases (JNKs) are classic stress-activated protein kinases. Many cellular stresses have been shown to stimulate JNK activation. In this review, we focus on ribotoxic stresses based on their multiple biological potencies including anti-HIV-1 activity. Some of the functions of ribotoxins and the signaling transduction pathway that mediated are mentioned. Different from other...

The four processes involved in the flammability of materials are described and related to the various flame retardance mechanisms that may operate. Following this the four practical approaches used in improving flame retardance of materials are described. Each approach is illustrated with a number of typical examples of flame retardants or synthetic procedures used. This overview of flammabilit...

We report the preparation of graphene phosphonic acid (GPA) via a simple and versatile method and its use as an efficient flame retardant. In order to covalently attach phosphorus to the edges of graphene nanoplatelets, graphite was ball-milled with red phosphorus. The cleavage of graphitic C-C bonds during mechanochemical ball-milling generates reactive carbon species, which react with phospho...

Polyurethane material is used as an interior finish and wall cavity insulation. Flame-retardant products may be for ignition, flame diffusion, heat-release blocking. A large-scale test was conducted to understand the propagation characteristics of polyurethane with addition a retardant. The fire properties risks four commonly materials were examined using three tests. Specifically, ignition pro...

Dechlorane plus (DP), a flame retardant recently identified in the air and sediment of the Great Lakes region, has been detected in residential indoor dust in the city of Ottawa, Canada using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry under negative chemical ionization mode. DP was detected in all dust samples with a concentration range of 2.3 to 182 ng g(-1), except for one dust sample (5683 ng g(-1...

This study aimed to produce a gastroretentive floating tablet of Metoprolol succinate and examine the effects release retardant on in vitro drug release. is β1 selective antagonist used as an Anti-hypertensive, Antiarrhythmic, Anti Angina. has 48% oral bioavailability due limited absorption from lower gastrointestinal tract. The tablets were designed increase stomach retention, prolong release,...

This paper aims to develop a novel method, i.e., sol-gel combined with layer-by-layer assembly technology, to impart flame retardancy on polyacrylonitrile (PAN) fabrics. Silica-sol was synthesized via the sol-gel process and acted as cationic solution, and phytic acid (PA) was used as the anionic medium. Flame-retardant-treated PAN fabric (FR-PAN) could achieve excellent flame retardancy with 1...

In this paper, a flame retardant dimethyl-2-(methacryloyloxyethyl) phosphate (DMMEP) was applied to wool fabrics by the graft copolymerization technique initiated with potassium persulfate (KPS) in water media. FTIR and SEM testing were used to explore the grafting evidence on the fiber surface, the SEM results show chemical deposition on the wool fiber surface and the scales could not be seen ...