Responses: Thanks for the question which is really valuable. The snowmelt period is partly included in the growing season. In the Sanjiang Plain, the surface sonw begins to melt usually at middle April and disappeared completely in early May in the mires, while in farmland, surface snow disappears in late April. But in fact, it is not the important factor affecting the DOC flux. In the Sanjiang...

Factors controlling the partitioning of old and new water contributions to stream flow were investigated for three events in four catchments (three of which were nested) at Sleepers River Research Watershed in Danville, Vermont. In the 1993 snowmelt period, two-component isotopic hydrograph separations showed that new water (meltwater) inputs to the stream ranged widely from 41 to 74%, and incr...

a considerable part of precipitation falls in the form of snow in golestan watershed. in turn, snowmelt plays a significant role in surface runoff, groundwater feeding and flood propagation in this area. snow cover area (sca) as an indicator of stored water can be implemented for temporal and spatial monitoring of snowmelt in the hydrological models. to monitor spatial and temporal variation of...

Differences in hydrologic response across the rain-snow transition in the southern Sierra Nevada were studied in eight headwater catchments – the Kings River Experimental Watersheds – using continuous precipitation, snowpack, and streamflow measurements. The annual runoff ratio (discharge divided by precipitation) increased about 0.1 per 300 m of mean catchment elevation over the range 1,800-2,...

Snowmelt contributions to streamflow in mid-latitude mountain basins typically dominate other runoff sources on annual and seasonal timescales. Future increases temperature changes precipitation will affect both snow accumulation timing magnitude, but the underlying fundamental roles of basin geometry hypsometry snowmelt sensitivity have received little attention. To investigate role sensitivit...

Snow covered area is an important variable in snowmelt runoff modelling. SAR can supply information on this parameter by detecting the decrease in the backscattering coefficient which occurs when the snowpack becomes wet. However, the method is subject to several geometric, geophysical and logistical constraints which limit its general applicability. These include missing coverage due to relief...

In the Upper Colorado River Basin (UCRB), the principal source of water in the southwestern U.S., demand exceeds supply in most years, and will likely continue to rise. While General Circulation Models (GCMs) project surface temperature warming by 3.5 to 5.6°C for the area, precipitation projections are variable, with no wetter or drier consensus. We assess the impacts of projected 21(st) centu...

Physically based model of the hydrological cycle of a forest basin was developed. The model includes description of processes of liquid water and snow interception by forest canopy, snow accumulation and melt, vertical soil moisture transfer and evapotranspiration, overland, subsurface and channel flow. The case-study has been carried out on the basis of experimental observations on the Valday ...