disciplined inquiry about problems of organization and management requires decision to be taken about an appropriate research deign. in making such a decision, the researcher tacitly assumes a philosophical point of view or a research paradigm. there are four research paradigms which are the basis for the selection of research methodology and research methods. these paradigms include: a) positi...

A hierarchical framework is proposed to address the issues of modeling different type of words in keyword spotting (KWS). Keyword models are built at various levels according to the availability of training set resources for each individual word. The proposed approach improves the performance of KWS even when no training speech is available for the keywords. It also suggests an easier way to co...

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