An innovative overlapped-subcarrier multiplexing (O-SCM) technique is proposed for wavelengthdivision multiplexed (WDM) passive optical networks (PONs).Allowing a certain amount of spectral overlap between the uplink and the downlink maximizes the spectrum usage of bandwidth-limited reflective semiconductor optical amplifier (RSOA)-based optical network units (ONUs), while reducing the effect o...

Roller-Walker is a leg-wheel hybrid mobile robot using a passive wheel equipped on the tip of each leg. The passive wheel can be transformed into sole mode by rotating ankle roll joint when Roller-Walker walks on rough terrain. This paper discusses energy efficiency of locomotion in wheeled mode. We define a leg trajectory to produce forward straight propulsion and discuss the relationships bet...

abstract one of the basic assumptions in hub covering problems is considering the covering radius as an exogenous parameter which cannot be controlled by the decision maker. practically and in many real world cases with a negligible increase in costs, to increase the covering radii, it is possible to save the costs of establishing additional hub nodes. change in problem parameters during the pl...

extract: physical mobility and exercise are necessary for people health. for patient with mobility limitation this issue has more importance because these exercises help them to return to normal function more effectively. since the individual planning for each patient is not time effective, so we could plan group exercises and perform properly in orthopedic wards. the important goals of this pl...

Passive walking is an attractive walking style which emerges autonomously on shallow slope without external input. It is known that the walking motion varies to chaotic in the vicinity of the limit of the stable walking. This phenomenon had been analyzed well, but had not been utilized directly for control. Usually only period-1 w alking gait has been dealt with as an active usage of passive wa...

With the coming of aging societies, many elderly people have serious problems for their locomotion, because of the decline of the physical strength for walking. If they could not use their legs for walking, their physical strength would be weak gradually and they could not walk finally without assistance of other people or some assist system such as wheel chairs, etc. The walking using legs of ...

Abstract Walking is one of the most complex tasks a human being can perform. It takes several years to develop patterns that enable person walk and run. Although it now possible replicate these in machines such as robots, actuators are needed control pace compensate for energy loss walking. However, small robots (in scale centimeters) size weight could be limiting factor their use. To solve thi...