Different protection and restoration mechanism is the most important feature of automatic switched optical network (ASON). Through testing 1356NT, which is an optical network planning and design tool of Alcatel-Lucent Company, this paper analyzes the restoration time and proposes the application strategy of different circuits. It is significant for the plan and design of ASON. Keywords-automati...

A social choice function: A function that determines a social choice according to players’ preferences over the different possible alternatives. A mechanism: a game in incomplete information, in which player strategies are based on their private preferences. A mechanism implements a social choice function f if the equilibrium strategies yield an outcome that coincides with f . Dominant strategi...

This article pursues two tasks. The first is to clarify the value and productivity of Williams’s Keywords: a vocabulary culture society (first edition 1976, second expanded 1983a) for project Cultural Studies. clarification helped, I argue, by reading it alongside Vološinov’s Marxism philosophy language (published in Russian 1929, translated into English 1973). related task speculative developm...